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Comparison of Mafic-ultramafic and Granite-pegmatite “Small Intrusion Forming Large Deposit”—Taking Xiarihamu and Dahongliutan Super-large Deposits in Kunlun Metallogenic Belt, China as Examples(PDF)

《地球科学与环境学报》[ISSN:1672-6561/CN:61-1423/P]

Issue:
2023年第05期
Page:
1036-1048
Research Field:
庆贺汤中立院士从事地质工作七十周年专辑
Publishing date:

Info

Title:
Comparison of Mafic-ultramafic and Granite-pegmatite “Small Intrusion Forming Large Deposit”—Taking Xiarihamu and Dahongliutan Super-large Deposits in Kunlun Metallogenic Belt, China as Examples
Author(s):
LI Wen-yuan1; 2;  GAO Yong-bao1; 3;  ZHANG Zhao-wei1; 2;  REN Guang-li1; 2;  ZHANG Zhi-bing4;  KONG Hui-lei1; 2;  WANG Ya-lei1; 2
(1. Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits of Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China; 2. Xi'an Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi'an 710119, Shaanxi, China; 3. Xi'an Center of Mineral Resources Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi'an 710100, Shaanxi, China; 4. Institute of Mineral Resources Research, China Metallurgical Geology Bureau, Beijing 101300, China)
Keywords:
small intrusion forming large deposit;  geological mutation;  exchange of crust and mantle material;  deep liquation;  extraordinary huge enrichment;  extreme geological effect;  Kunlun metallogenic belt
PACS:
P611
DOI:
10.19814/j.jese.2023.05049
Abstract:
Xiarihamu and Dahongliutan deposits, which are two super-large deposits distributed in Kunlun metallogenic belt, China, are formed in the Early Devonian structural cracking environment of Paleo-Tethys(411 Ma)and the Late Triassic closed collision background of Paleo-Tethys(204-202 Ma). The former is magmatic immiscible Ni-Co-sulfide deposit related with the mantle source mafic-ultramafic rocks, the latter is granite-pegmatite type lithium beryllium rare metal deposit related with the evolution of high magmatic differentiation of crust source granite-pegmatite system, and smaller magmatic rock volume contains large-scale metal elements, of which “small intrusion forming large deposit” is the common characteristics of these two deposits. The results show that Xiarihamu deposit is formed by intrusion-injection of the mantle partial melting of basic magma through deep liquation and magmatic differentiation, and Dahongliutan deposit is formed by intrusion of high differentiation evolution of pegmatites through the subductive muddy rock crust due to the deep heating melting formation of acidic magma, of which large-scale magma is the key. Ni and Co in olivine and pyroxene of mantle, even all dissolve into the magma, only relying on crystallization differentiation could not make Ni and Co enrichment of industrial value, only large-scale sulfide liquid phase-silicate melt between immiscibility(liquation)before olivine and pyroxene crystallization can make originally limited Ni and Co gathered in sulfide liquid phase and form a huge enrichment; and on the upper crust of argillaceous rock melting experiment, even all melting but only Li(the mass fraction is(100-200)×10-6)could cause enrichment, so only large-scale mud crust layer melt forming large-scale acidic magma can make the limited Li and Be in the process of magma highly differentiation evolution, and gather in high temperature hydrothermal fluid, eventually to extraordinary enrichment. It can be seen that large-scale magma is the premise of the extraordinary huge enrichment of metal elements in the two types of deposits, and the basis is that it must be concentrated in a limited and small volume of special physical properties. The extraordinary enrichment of limited volume is based on the dilution or depletion of metal elements in more magma. Therefore, “small intrusion forming large deposit” is the product of major mutation geological events, only the major geological events can make the large-scale magma created by the exchange of crust and mantle material, and experience non-equilibrium extreme geological effects, and make the final small intrusion rich in huge metal minerals. Based on the mineralization characteristics of magmatic Ni-Co-sulfide deposits, the theory of “small intrusion forming large deposit” is proposed, and the mineralization and prospecting studies of magmatic hydrothermal deposits related to acid magma have been proved continuously. Although its metallogenic function is different, the scientific paradigm has something in common. Through the comparative study of the surface structure, the general principle of its deep structure is explored, so as to enrich the scientific connotation of the theory of “small intrusion forming large deposit”.

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Last Update: 2023-10-15