|Table of Contents|

Cu-Ni Mineralization of Xingdi Mafic-ultramafic Rock Belt in the Northern Tarim Craton, China: Constraints from PGE Geochemistry(PDF)

《地球科学与环境学报》[ISSN:1672-6561/CN:61-1423/P]

Issue:
2023年第05期
Page:
1118-1131
Research Field:
庆贺汤中立院士从事地质工作七十周年专辑
Publishing date:

Info

Title:
Cu-Ni Mineralization of Xingdi Mafic-ultramafic Rock Belt in the Northern Tarim Craton, China: Constraints from PGE Geochemistry
Author(s):
XIA Zhao-de1; 2; 3;  HU Xiu-jun4;  DU Wei1; 2; 3;  XIA Ming-zhe1; 2; 3;  WANG Bang-yao1; 2; 3;  JIAO Jian-gang1; 2; 3;  ZHANG Peng4;  WANG Hou-fang4
(1. School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; 2. Key Laboratory of Western China's Mineral Resources and Geological Engineering of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; 3. Xi'an Key Laboratory for Mineralization and Efficient Utilization of Critical Metals, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; 4. No.3 Geological Party, Xinjiang Bureau of Geology & Mineral Resources, Ku'erle 841000, Xinjiang, China)
Keywords:
Cu-Ni deposit;  PGE;  ore structure;  sulfide;  parental magma;  mineralization;  Tarim craton
PACS:
P578; P618
DOI:
10.19814/j.jese.2023.06029
Abstract:
Xingdi mafic-ultramafic rock belt in the northern Tarim craton is composed of No.Ⅰ, No.Ⅱ, No.Ⅲ and No.Ⅳ intrusions. The lithology of Xingdi No.Ⅰ and No.Ⅳ intrusions is mainly gabbro facies, while Xingdi No.Ⅱ and No.Ⅲ intrusions have various rocks of olivine, pyroxenite and gabbro facies, and the lithofacies zonation is clear. The Cu-Ni sulfide ore bodies are mainly hosted in lherzolite and websterite of Xingdi No.Ⅱ and No.Ⅲ intrusions, and the Cu-Ni sulfide ores are stellate, speckled, sparse-disseminated and dense-disseminated in structure. Most of the sulfides occur as aggregate of pyrrhotite, pentlandite and chalcopyrite. The total contents of platinum group element(PGE)are(0.41-4.54)×10-9 of bulk rocks in Xingdi No.Ⅱ and No.Ⅲ intrusions, which are lower than that of primitive mantle and show positive correlations with MgO contents. The contents of IPGE(Os, Ir and Ru)are slightly higher than that of PPGE(Ru, Pt and Pd)with IPGE/PPGE ratios of 0.08-0.48, and primitive mantle-normalized PGE spider diagrams of rocks are left-declined pattern. Their Pd/Ir and Ni/Cu ratios range from 3.28 to 23.33 and from 3.67 to 10.00, respectively, indicating that parental magmas of Xingdi No.Ⅱ and No.Ⅲ intrusions are high-Mg basaltic. It is consistent with the result estimated from olivine-melt equilibrium. According to bulk rock Cu/Pd ratio((6.58-83.33)×104)and correlation between Cu/Zr and Ni, it is concluded that sulfide dissociation occurs in the source and during emplacement, resulting in a significant loss of PGE in remnant magma. It is comprehensively concluded that Xingdi No.Ⅱ and No.Ⅲ intrusions have good prospecting prospect.

References:

[1] NALDRETT A J.Magmatic Sulfide Deposits:Geology,Geochemistry and Exploration[M].Berlin:Springer,2004.
[2] 钟 宏,胡瑞忠,朱维光,等.层状岩体的成因及成矿作用[J].地学前缘,2007,14(2):159-172.
ZHONG Hong,HU Rui-zhong,ZHU Wei-guang,et al.Genesis and Mineralization of Layered Intrusions[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2007,14(2):159-172.
[3] 姜常义,夏昭德,凌锦兰,等.寄主岩浆硫化物和氧化物矿床的镁铁质—超镁铁质岩体对比分析与成矿过程评述[J].岩石学报,2011,27(10):3005-3020.
JIANG Chang-yi,XIA Zhao-de,LING Jin-lan,et al.Comparison of Host Magmatic Sulphide and Oxide Deposits of Mafic-ultramafic Intrusions and Review the Mineralizing Process[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2011,27(10):3005-3020.
[4] 宋谢炎.岩浆硫化物矿床研究现状及重要科学问题[J].矿床地质,2019,38(4):699-710.
SONG Xie-yan.Current Research Status and Important Issues of Magmatic Sulfide Deposits[J].Mineral Deposits,2019,38(4):699-710.
[5] 李文渊.中国岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床成矿理论创新和找矿突破[J].地质力学学报,2022,28(5):793-820.
LI Wen-yuan.Study of Ore-forming Theoretical Innovation and Prospecting Breakthrough of Magmatic Copper-nickel-cobalt Sulfide Deposits in China[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2022,28(5):793-820.
[6] 苏本勋,崔梦萌,袁庆晗,等.高温岩浆过程中的钴镍解耦机制及其成矿指示[J].岩石学报,2023,39(10):2867-2878.
SU Ben-xun,CUI Meng-meng,YUAN Qing-han,et al.Decoupling of Cobalt and Nickel in High-temperature Magmatic Processes and Its Metallogenic Indication[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2023,39(10):2867-2878.
[7] 苏本勋,秦克章,蒋少涌,等.我国钴镍矿床的成矿规律、科学问题、勘查技术瓶颈与研究展望[J].岩石学报,2023,39(4):968-980.
SU Ben-xun,QIN Ke-zhang,JIANG Shao-yong,et al.Mineralization Regularity,Scientific Issues,Prospecting Technology and Research Prospect of Co-Ni Deposits in China[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2023,39(4):968-980.
[8] 薛胜超,王庆飞,唐冬梅,等.造山带岩浆铜镍硫化物矿床的混染模式:以天山—北山二叠纪铜镍矿为例[J].矿床地质,2022,41(1):1-20.
XUE Sheng-chao,WANG Qing-fei,TANG Dong-mei,et al.Contamination Mechanism of Magmatic Ni-Cu Sulfide Deposits in Orogenic Belts:Examples from Permian Ni-Cu Deposits in Tianshan-Beishan[J].Mi-neral Deposits,2022,41(1):1-20.
[9] CHENG X H,YU L J,LING M X,et al.Geochronological,Mineralogical and Geochemical Studies of Sulfide Mineralization in the Yueyawan Mafic Intrusion in the East Tianshan Orogenic Belt,NW China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2023,152:105257.
[10] DENG Y F,SONG X Y,XIE W,et al.The Role of External Sulfur in Triggering Sulfide Immiscibility at Depth:Evidence from the Huangshan-Jing'erquan Ni-Cu Metallogenic Belt,NW China[J].Economic Geology,2022,117(8):1867-1879.
[11] MARTIN A J,MACLEOD C J,MCFALL K A.et al.Ultramafic-hosted Ni-Cu-Co-(As)Mineralization from an Ancient Oceanic Transform Fault Zone in the Troodos Ophiolite,Cyprus:An Analogue for Ultrama-fic Sea-floor Massive Sulfide Mineralization[J].Economic Geology,2023,118(5):1125-1147.
[12] XUE S S,WANG Q F,WANG Y L,et al.The Roles of Various Types of Crustal Contamination in the Ge-nesis of the Jinchuan Magmatic Ni-Cu-PGE Deposit:New Mineralogical and C-S-Sr-Nd Isotope Constraints[J].Economic Geology,2023,DOI:10.5382/econgeo.5017.
[13] 刘家军,王大钊,翟德高,等.低熔点亲铜元素(LMCE)熔体超常富集贵金属的机制及其识别标志[J].岩石学报,2021,37(9):2629-2656.
LIU Jia-jun,WANG Da-zhao,ZHAI De-gao,et al.Super-enrichment Mechanisms of Precious Metals by Low-melting Point Copper-philic Element(LMCE)Melts[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2021,37(9):2629-2656.
[14] GARUTI G,FERSHTATER G,BEA F,et al.Platinum-group Elements as Petrological Indicators in Ma-fic-ultramafic Complexes of the Central and Southern Urals:Preliminary Results[J].Tectonophysics,1997,276(1/2/3/4):181-194.
[15] LI Y,AUDETAT A.Partitioning of V,Mn,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Mo,Ag,Sn,Sb,W,Au,Pb,and Bi Between Sulfide Phases and Hydrous Basanite Melt at Upper Mantle Conditions[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,2012,355/356:327-340.
[16] MUNGALL J E,BRENAN J M.Partitioning of Platinum-group Elements and Au Between Sulfide Liquid and Basalt and the Origins of Mantle-crust Fractionation of the Chalcophile Elements[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2014,125:265-289.
[17] KISEEVA E S,FONSECA R O C,SMYTHE D J.Chalcophile Elements and Sulfides in the Upper Mantle[J].Elements,2017,13(2):111-116.
[18] 栾 燕,钱壮志,王瑞廷,等.扬子地块北缘毕机沟层状岩体亲铜元素地球化学特征及其对岩浆演化和硫化物熔离过程的制约[J].岩石学报,2023,39(4):1185-1202.
LUAN Yan,QIAN Zhuang-zhi,WANG Rui-ting,et al.Chalcophile Element Geochemistry of the Bijigou Layered Intrusion,Northern Margin of the Yangtze Block:Implications for the Processes of Magma Evolution and Sulfide Segregation[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2023,39(4):1185-1202.
[19] LI L J,LI D X,MAO X C,et al.Evolution of Magmatic Sulfide of the Giant Jinchuan Ni-Cu Deposit,NW China:Insights from Chalcophile Elements in Ba-se Metal Sulfide Minerals[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2023,158:105497.
[20] WANG Y L,XUE S C,WANG X M,et al.PGE Geochemical and Os-S-Sr-Nd Isotopic Constraints on the Genesis of the Shitoukengde Magmatic Sulfide Depo-sit in the East Kunlun Orogenic Belt,NW China[J].Ore Geology Reviews,2023,156:105396.
[21] 葛文春,李献华,梁细荣,等.桂北元宝山宝坛地区约825 Ma镁铁—超镁铁岩的地球化学及其地质意义[J].地球化学,2001,30(2):123-130.
GE Wen-chun,LI Xian-hua,LIANG Xi-rong,et al.Geochemistry and Geological Implications of Mafic-ultramafic Rocks with the Age of ～825 Ma in Yuanbaoshan-Baotan Area of Northern Guangxi[J].Geochimica,2001,30(2):123-130.
[22] ZHANG C L,YANG D S,WANG H Y,et al.Neoproterozoic Mafic-ultramafic Layered Intrusion in Quruqtagh of Northeastern Tarim Block,NW China:Two Phases of Mafic Igneous Activity with Different Mantle Sources[J].Gondwana Research,2011,19(1):177-190.
[23] XIA Z D,XIA M Z,RU Y.The Role of Siliceous High-magnesium Basalts During the Formation of a Neoproterozoic Mafic-ultramafic Intrusion in the Tarim Craton(China)[J].Minerals,2019,9(11):662.
[24] XU B,XIAO S H,ZOU H B,et al.SHRIMP Zircon U-Pb Age Constraints on Neoproterozoic Quruqtagh Diamictites in NW China[J].Precambrian Research,2009,168(3/4):247-258.
[25] ZHANG C L,ZOU H B,WANG H Y,et al.Multiple Phases of the Neoproterozoic Igneous Activity in Quruqtagh of the Northeastern Tarim Block,NW China:Interaction Between Plate Subduction and Mantle Plu-me?[J].Precambrian Research,2012,222/223:488-502.
[26] CAO X F,GAO X,LYU X B,et al.Sm-Nd Geochronology and Geochemistry of a Neoproterozoic Gabbro in the Kuluketage Block,North-western China[J].International Geology Review,2012,54(8):861-875.
[27] CAO X F,LU X B,YUAN Q,et al.Neoproterozoic Granitic Activities in the Xingdi Plutons at the Kuluketage Block,NW China:Evidence from Zircon U-Pb Dating,Geochemical and Sr-Nd-Hf Isotopic Analyses[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,2014,96:93-107.
[28] CHEN H J,CHEN Y J,RIPLEY E M,et al.Isotope and Trace Element Studies of the Xingdi II Mafic-ultramafic Complex in the Northern Rim of the Tarim Craton:Evidence for Emplacement in a Neoprotero-zoic Subduction Zone[J].Lithos,2017,278/279/280/281:274-284.
[29] 李先梓,李 行,洛长义,等.新疆铂族元素成矿地质条件及找矿方向研究[J].中国地质科学院西安地质矿产研究所所刊,1991,33:1-93.
LI Xian-zi,LI Hang,LUO Chang-yi,et al.A Research About Mineralizing Conditions and Prospecting Target of PGE in Xinjiang[J].Bulletin of Xi'an Institute of Geology Mineral Research,Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,1991,33:1-93.
[30] 杨合群,洛长义,朱宝清,等.新疆兴地含铜镍基性超基性侵入体地质特征及成矿条件[J].西北地质科学,1997,18(2):43-53.
YANG He-qun,LUO Chang-yi,ZHU Bao-qing,et al.The Geological Features and Metallogenic Conditions of the Copper-nickel-bearing Basic-ultrabasic Intrusive in Xingdi,Xinjiang[J].Northwest Geoscience,1997,18(2):43-53.
[31] 袁英霞,潘朝霞,钱玉珍.新疆库鲁克塔格兴地Ⅱ号岩体铜镍含矿性评价[J].新疆地质,2002,20(1):49-52.
YUAN Ying-xia,PAN Zhao-xia,QIAN Yu-zhen.Cu,Ni-bearing Property Evaluation of Xingdi Complex No.2 in Kuruktag,Xinjiang[J].Xinjiang Geology,2002,20(1):49-52.
[32] 刘军省,张会芳,鞠林雪,等.新疆尉犁县兴地Ⅲ号岩体铜镍含矿性评价及找矿远景[J].西北地质,2015,48(3):47-56.
LIU Jun-xing,ZHANG Hui-fang,JU Lin-xue,et al.Cu-Ni Ore-bearing Potential Evaluation and Prospecting Potential of No.3 Xingdi Complex in Yuli County,Xinjiang[J].Northwestern Geology,2015,48(3):47-56.
[33] XIA Z D,XIA M Z,JIANG C Y.Geochronology,Petrology and Geochemistry of Xingdi No.3 Mafic-ultramafic Intrusions in the Northeastern Tarim Craton,NW China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition),2017,91(2):500-514.
[34] QI L,ZHOU M F,GAO J F,et al.An Improved Carius Tube Technique for Determination of Low Concentrations of Re and Os in Pyrites[J].Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry,2010,25(4):585-589.
[35] QI L,GAO J F,ZHOU M F,et al.The Design of Re-usable Carius Tubes for the Determination of Rhenium,Osmium and Platinum-group Elements in Geolo-gical Samples[J].Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research,2013,37(3):345-351.
[36] MCDONOUGH W F,SUN S S.The Composition of the Earth[J].Chemical Geology,1995,120(3/4):223-253.
[37] MAIER W D,BARNES S J,DE KLERK W J,et al.Cu/Pd and Cu/Pt of Silicate Rocks in the Bushveld Complex:Implications for Platinum-group Element Exploration[J].Economic Geology,1996,91(6):1151-1158.
[38] BARNES S J,NALDRETT A J,GORTON M P.The Origin of the Fractionation of Platinum-group Elements in Terrestrial Magmas[J].Chemical Geology,1985,53(3/4):303-323.
[39] BARNES S J,MAIER W D.The Fractionation of Ni,Cu,and the Noble Metals in Silicate and Sulphide Li-quids[R].St John's:Geological Association of Canada,1999.
[40] 唐冬梅,秦克章,孙 赫,等.东疆天宇岩浆Cu-Ni矿床的铂族元素地球化学特征及其对岩浆演化、硫化物熔离的指示[J].地质学报,2009,83(5):680-697.
TANG Dong-mei,QIN Ke-zhang,SUN He,et al.PGE Geochemical Characteristics of Tianyu Magmatic Cu-Ni Deposit:Implications for Magma Evolution and Sulfide Segregation[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(5):680-697.
[41] BARNES S J,COX R A,ZIENTEK M L.Platinum-group Element,Gold,Silver and Base Metal Distribution in Compositionally Zoned Sulfide Droplets from the Medvezky Creek Mine,Noril'sk,Russia[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,2006,152(2):187-200.
[42] 姜常义,凌锦兰,赵彦锋,等.镁铁质—超镁铁质岩体含矿性评价指标体系:应用于寻找岩浆硫化物矿床[J].西北地质,2012,45(4):51-60.
JIANG Chang-yi,LING Jin-lan,ZHAO Yan-feng,et al.Ore-bearing Potential Evaluation Index System of Ma-fic and Ultramafic Intrusions:Used to Search for Magmatic Sulfide Deposits[J].Northwestern Geology,2012,45(4):51-60.
[43] BARNES S J,PICARD C P.The Behaviour of Platinum-group Elements During Partial Melting,Crystal Fractionation and Sulphide Segregation:An Example from the Cape Smith Fold Belt,Northern Quebec[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1993,57:79-87.
[44] BARNES S J,BOYD R,KORNELIUSSON A,et al.The Use of Mantle Normalization and Metal Ratios in Discriminating Between the Effects of Partial Melting,Crystal Fractionation and Sulphide Segregation on Platinum-group Elements,Gold,Nickel and Copper:Examples from Norway[M]∥PRICHARD H M,POTTS P J,BOWLES J F W.Geo-platinum 87.Amsterdam:Springer,1988:113-143.
[45] BARNES S J.The Use of Metal Ratios in Prospecting for Platinum-group Element Deposits in Mafic and Ultramafic Intrusions[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1990,37(1):91-99.
[46] LE BAS M J.IUGS Reclassification of the High-Mg and Picritic Volcanic Rocks[J].Journal of Petrology,2000,41(10):1467-1470.
[47] KEAYS R R.The Role of Komatiitic and Picritic Magmatism and S-saturation in the Formation of Ore Deposits[J].Lithos,1995,34(1/2/3):1-18.
[48] SONG X Y,LI X R.Geochemistry of the Kalatongke Ni-Cu-(PGE)Sulfide Deposit,NW China:Implications for the Formation of Magmatic Sulfide Mineralization in a Post Collisional Environment[J].Mineralium Deposita,2009,44(3):303-327.
[49] GAO J F,ZHOU M F,LIGHTFOOT P C,et al.Origin of PGE-poor and Cu-rich Magmatic Sulfides from the Kalatongke Deposit,Xinjiang,Northwest China[J].Economic Geology,2012,107(3):481-506.
[50] LIGHTFOOT P C,NALDRETT A J,GORBACHEV N S,et al.Chemostratigraphy of Siberian Trap Lavas,Noril'sk District,Russia:Implications and Source of Flood Basalts and Their Associated Ni-Cu Mineralization[R]∥LIGHTFOOT P C,NALDRETT A J.Proceedings of the Sudbury-Noril'sk Symposium.Sudbury:Ontario Geological Survey,1994:283-312.
[51] 彭永新,马收先.桂北宝坛地区满洞铜镍硫化物矿床铂族元素地球化学特征及其对矿床成因的制约[J].地球科学与环境学报,2021,43(4):674-685.
PENG Yong-xin,MA Shou-xian.PGE Geochemical Characteristics of Mandong Cu-Ni Sulfide Deposit in Baotan Area of the Northern Guangxi,China and Their Constraints on Deposit Genesis[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2021,43(4):674-685.
[52] 杨 敏,姚建斌.新疆库鲁克塔格兴地Ⅱ号岩体铜镍矿床地球物理场特征[J].新疆有色金属,2014,37(5):29-31.
YANG Min,YAO Jian-bin.Characteristics of Geophysical Field of Quruqtage Xingdi Cu-Ni Deposit,Xinjiang[J].Xinjiang Nonferrous Metals,2014,37(5):29-31.
[53] SIMPKIN T,SMITH J V.Minor Element Distribution in Olivine[J].The Journal of Geology,1970,78(3):304-325.

Memo

Memo:
-
Last Update: 2023-10-15