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《地球科学与环境学报》[ISSN:1672-6561/CN:61-1423/P]

卷:

第43卷

期数:

2021年第01期

页码:

36-79

栏目:

基础地质与矿产地质

出版日期:

2021-01-15

文章信息/Info

Title:

Zn-Pb Metallogeny and Prospecting Orientation of Tianshan in China and Abroad

作者:

高荣臻¹; 2; 3; 薛春纪¹; 2*; 满荣浩¹; 2; 代俊峰⁴; 赵晓波¹; 2; 赵 云¹; 2; 亚夏尔?亚力坤⁵; Bakhtiar NURTAEV⁶; Nikolay PAK⁷; 莫宣学¹; 2

(1. 中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京 100083; 2. 中国地质大学(北京)地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,北京 100083; 3. 东北大学 资源与土木工程学院,辽宁 沈阳 110819; 4. 东华理工大学 地球科学学院,江西 南昌 330013; 5. 新疆大学 地质与矿业工程学院,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830047;6. 乌兹别克斯坦地质与矿产资源委员会地质与地球物理研究所,塔什干 100041; 7. 吉尔吉斯斯坦科学院地质研究所,比什凯克 720040)

Author(s):

GAO Rong-zhen¹; 2; 3;  XUE Chun-ji¹; 2*;  MAN Rong-hao¹; 2;  DAI Jun-feng⁴;  ZHAO Xiao-bo¹; 2;  ZHAO Yun¹; 2;  Yaxia'er YALIKUN⁵;  Bakhtiar NURTAEV⁶;  Nikolay PAK⁷;  MO Xuan-xue¹; 2

(1. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; 3. School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China; 4. School of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, Jiangxi, China; 5. School of Geology and Mining Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830047, Xinjiang, China; 6. Institute of Geology and Geophysics, State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Geology and Mineral Resources, Tashkent 100041, Uzbekistan; 7. Institute of Geology, National Academy of Sciences of Kyrgyz Republic, Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan)

关键词:

铅锌矿床;  成矿作用;  成矿环境;  成矿类型;  控矿要素;  成矿特点;  找矿方向;  天山

Keywords:

Key words: Zn-Pb deposit;  metallogeny;  metallogenic environment;  ore-forming type;  ore-controlling factor;  metallogenic characteristic;  prospecting direction;  Tianshan

分类号:

P611; P612

DOI:

10.19814/j.jese.2020.09027

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

中国及境外天山铅锌矿床多有发现,如哈萨克斯坦Tekeli、Shalkiya和Achisai,乌兹别克斯坦Kurgashinkan和Uchkulach,塔吉克斯坦Altyntopkan,中国新疆乌拉根、彩霞山、阿齐山、阿尔恰勒等大型—超大型铅锌矿床,构成了天山巨型铅锌成矿带。这些铅锌矿床形成于怎样的地球动力学背景?铅锌成矿的基本地质特征是什么?有哪些重要成矿类型?受何要素控制?未来找矿突破方向在哪里?这些都是颇受关注的地质找矿问题。在广泛矿产地质调查和综合分析前人研究成果的基础上,将中国及境外天山作为整体,综述了天山造山带构造演化和重要铅锌成矿环境、典型矿床特征与成矿系统/成矿类型,总结了天山地区铅锌成矿演化过程,并分析了区域铅锌成矿特点与找矿突破方向。结果表明:天山造山带经历了前寒武纪古陆形成、洋-陆俯冲增生、陆-陆碰撞造山和陆内成盆4个地球动力学过程,先后出现了元古宙古陆边缘裂陷盆地、古生代洋-陆俯冲增生岛弧、晚古生代陆-陆碰撞造山与中—新生代山前/山间盆地4类重要铅锌成矿环境。在元古宙古陆边缘裂陷盆地环境,主要受同生断层、还原性细碎屑岩-碳酸盐岩建造等控制,形成了古陆边缘裂陷盆地铅锌成矿系统与SEDEX型铅锌矿床; 在古生代洋-陆俯冲增生岛弧环境,主要受弧岩浆活动、断裂构造、地层等控制,形成了增生岛弧铅锌成矿系统与矽卡岩型、斑岩型、岩浆热液脉型、VMS型铅锌矿床; 在晚古生代陆-陆碰撞造山环境,主要受被动陆缘海相碳酸盐岩、张性开放空间、逆冲推覆构造等控制,形成了碰撞造山铅锌成矿系统与MVT型铅锌矿床; 在中—新生代山前/山间盆地环境,主要受盆地三元结构、油气运移与红层“漂白”、硫酸盐岩等控制,形成了山前/山间盆地铅锌成矿系统与砂岩型铅锌矿床。由此可见,天山地区存在多种铅锌成矿环境和不同铅锌成矿系统与成矿类型,其铅锌成矿表现出长时间、多期次、多类型叠合成矿和一定继承性的演化特点。尽管沉积岩容矿铅锌矿床(包括SEDEX型、MVT型和砂岩型)在全球铅锌矿产资源中占据主导地位,而在天山地区增生岛弧铅锌成矿系统则占有更为重要的地位,特别是北天山岛弧带,哈萨克斯坦—伊犁板块南、北缘和中天山地块应该给予高度重视。与此同时,哈萨克斯坦—伊犁板块北缘与东天山中天山地块元古界SEDEX型铅锌找矿、境外中天山地块北缘与南天山造山带古生代被动陆缘碳酸盐岩地层MVT型铅锌找矿、新疆西南天山山前/山间盆地砂岩型铅锌找矿前景良好,也仍值得持续关注。

Abstract:

There are many Zn-Pb deposits in Tianshan of China and abroad, forming a giant Zn-Pb metallogenic belt. Why so many Zn-Pb deposits are located here? how geodynamic setting results in their formation? What is the regional ore-forming types and the key to the Zn-Pb metallogeny? Where is the future prospecting orientation? All these significant geological and exploration problems are attracted much more attentions. Based on investigating the regional geology and Zn-Pb deposits in Tianshan and consulting various references, the important metallogenic environments, geological characteristics of typical Zn-Pb deposits and their ore-forming types were demonstrated, and tectonic-metallogenic evolution of Tianshan orogen and prospecting direction of Zn-Pb mineral resources were then discussed. The results show that Tianshan orogen experiences four geodynamic processes, namely the formation of Precambrian continent, ocean-continent subduction accretion, continent-continent collision orogeny, and intraplate deformation, and four corresponding metallogenic environments, including Proterozoic paleo-continent margin rift basin, Paleozoic ocean-continent subduction accretion island arc, Late Paleozoic continent-continent collision orogeny and Meso-Cenozoic depression basin. Accordingly, four important metallogenic systems and ore-forming types are formed as follow. The SEDEX Zn-Pb deposits are formed in Proterozoic paleo-continent margin rift basin environment, and controlled by contemporaneous faults and reduced fine-grained clastic rocks or carbonate rocks. The skarn, magmatic hydrothermal vein and VMS Zn-Pb deposits are formed in island arc of Paleozoic ocean-continent subduction accretion environment, and controlled by arc-related magmatism, faults and favorable strata. The MVT Zn-Pb deposits are formed in Late Paleozoic continent-continent collision orogeny environment, and controlled by marine carbonate in passive margin, extensional faults and thrust nappe structures. The sandstone-hosted Zn-Pb deposits are formed in Meso-Cenozoic depression basin environment, and controlled by basinal structure, infilling of oil and gas, bleaching of red beds, and sulfate. The Paleozoic subduction accretion island arc Zn-Pb system and skarn, magmatic hydrothermal vein and VMS types play a more important role in Zn-Pb mineral resources of Tianshan orogen compared to other parts of the world, which should be paid more attentions. North Tianshan island arc belt, the northern and southern margins of Kazakhstan-Yili block and central Tianshan block are all favorable for Paleozoic subduction accretion island arc Zn-Pb system, and show promising potential for ore prospecting of more large-scale Zn-Pb deposits. Meanwhile, the northern margin of Kazakhstan-Yili block and central Tianshan massif of East Tianshan for Proterozoic paleo-continent margin rift basin Zn-Pb system and SEDEX type, the northern margin of foreign central Tianshan and South Tianshan orogen for Late Paleozoic continent-continent collision orogenic Zn-Pb system and MVT, and the piedmont/intermontane basins along South Tianshan orogen for Meso-Cenozoic depression basin Zn-Pb system and sandstone-hosted type are all favorable, which should continue to be concerned about. These results may provide reference and indication for regional Zn-Pb metallogenic understanding and future Zn-Pb ore exploration.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:

收稿日期:2020-09-16; 修回日期:2020-11-12投稿网址:http:∥jese.chd.edu.cn/
基金项目:国家重点研发计划“深地资源勘查开采”重点专项项目(2017YFC0601202); 国家自然科学基金项目(41902067); “十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAB06B02)
作者简介:高荣臻(1988-),男,河南许昌人,东北大学副教授,理学博士,博士后,E-mail:rongzhengao01@163.com。
*通讯作者:薛春纪(1962-),男,陕西眉县人,教授,博士研究生导师,理学博士,博士后, 1983～2005年在长安大学(原西安地质学院、西安工程学院)先后任助教、讲师、副教授、教授, E-mail:chunji.xue@cugb.edu.cn。

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