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《地球科学与环境学报》[ISSN:1672-6561/CN:61-1423/P]

卷:

第43卷

期数:

2021年第03期

页码:

436-448

栏目:

院士专稿

出版日期:

2021-05-15

文章信息/Info

Title:

Comparisons of the Collision Processes and Related Metallogenesis of Zagros and Himalaya Orogens

文章编号:

1672-6561(2021)03-0436-13

作者:

张洪瑞^*; 侯增谦^**

(中国地质科学院地质研究所,北京 100037)

Author(s):

ZHANG Hong-rui^*;  HOU Zeng-qian^**

(Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China)

关键词:

碰撞造山带;  造山阶段;  成矿作用;  成矿构造;  新生地壳;  扎格罗斯;  喜马拉雅;  青藏高原

Keywords:

collisional orogen;  collision process;  metallogenesis;  ore-forming structure;  juvenile crust;  Zagros;  Himalaya;  Tibetan Plateau

分类号:

P56

DOI:

10.19814/j.jese.2020.11001

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

大陆碰撞造山过程对理解板块构造登陆具有重要启示意义,但相关研究还存在较多问题。例如,几乎每个造山带都存在初始碰撞时限的争议,碰撞造山阶段存在多种划分方案,碰撞成矿作用的地球动力学机制不清楚等。通过综合对比研究扎格罗斯和喜马拉雅造山带构造-岩浆-成矿作用,发现碰撞造成的强烈挤压变形明显滞后于大陆初始碰撞时间。同时,碰撞过程还会出现滞后型弧岩浆作用。将这些碰撞初期出现的滞后型构造岩浆事件单独划分成一个碰撞造山阶段,称之为软碰撞阶段。由此,碰撞造山过程由软碰撞、硬碰撞和后碰撞3个阶段组成。其中,软碰撞阶段主要发育与低速率应变有关的变形构造和与俯冲大洋板片有关的岩浆事件; 硬碰撞阶段主要为高速率应变的变形构造和大陆岩石圈俯冲诱发的岩浆事件; 后碰撞阶段则会出现大量伸展构造来调节挤压应变,同时发育与大陆岩石圈拆沉、断离和撕裂有关的岩浆作用。软碰撞和硬碰撞阶段的挤压作用会造成铅锌矿床就位在褶皱逆冲带内,硬碰撞和后碰撞阶段发育的大型走滑断层控制斑岩型铜矿床的产出,后碰撞阶段出现的伸展构造赋存有金锑多金属热液矿床。碰撞造山带内保存有早期俯冲和后期碰撞阶段的新生地壳,为碰撞造山带金属成矿提供了物质来源。

Abstract:

The study on continental collision process will shed light on plate tectonics within continent. However, there are some problems about the timing of the initial collision, such as the division about collisional phases and the dynamics of collisional metallogenesis. Comparing Zagros and Himalayan orogens in terms of their deformation, magmatism, and metallogenesis, it is noted that there is a time lag between intense collisional related shorting and initial collision. In the meanwhile, arc-like magmatic activity can also occur within collisional continental zone. It is suggested that the lag time between tectonic-magmatic activities and initiation of continental collision reflects the effects of a collision process involving the “soft” collision. Thus the collision processes can be divided into three phases, including soft collision, hard collision, and post collision. Among them, the soft collision phase is characterized by low-rate contractional deformation and magmatism related to subducted oceanic slab. In contrast, high-rate contractional deformation and magmatism related to subduction of continental lithosphere occur during the hard collision phase. There are lots of extensional structures during post collision phase, and magmatic activity of this phase is mainly induced by delamination, breakoff and tearing of the continental lithosphere. The hydrothermal Pb-Zn ore deposits occur in the fold and thrust belt during soft and hard collision phases. The porphyry Cu deposits are controlled by large strike-slip faults during hard and post collision phases, whereas the detachment-fault-related polymetallic deposits form related to crustal extension during post collision phase. The juvenile crust form during the early subduction phase and subsequent collisional phase, and supply metal for ore-forming system within continental collision zones.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:

收稿日期:2020-11-02; 修回日期:2020-12-01
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(91962105,41772088,91855214,41922022); 中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20190001)
*通讯作者:张洪瑞(1982-),男,河北衡水人,研究员,博士研究生导师,理学博士,2000～2004年在长安大学资源勘查工程专业攻读学士学位,2004～2007年在长安大学构造地质学专业攻读硕士学位,E-mail:zhanghr@yeah.net。
**通讯作者:侯增谦(1961-),男,河北石家庄人,研究员,博士研究生导师,理学博士,中国科学院院士,E-mail:houzengqian@126.com。

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