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《地球科学与环境学报》[ISSN:1672-6561/CN:61-1423/P]

卷:

第43卷

期数:

2021年第03期

页码:

587-603

栏目:

工程地质

出版日期:

2021-05-15

文章信息/Info

Title:

Permafrost and Stability of the Major Linear Engineering in the Pan-Arctic Region

文章编号:

1672-6561(2021)03-0587-17

作者:

牛富俊¹; 程国栋¹; 石亚亚²; 尹国安¹; 罗 京¹

(1.中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院 冻土工程国家重点实验室, 甘肃 兰州 730000; 2.天水师范学院 资源与环境工程学院,甘肃 天水 741001)

Author(s):

NIU Fu-jun¹;  CHENG Guo-dong¹;  SHI Ya-ya²;  YIN Guo-an¹;  LUO Jing¹

(1. State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Gansu 730000, Lanzhou, China; 2. College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Tianshui Normal University, Tianshui 741001, Gansu, China)

关键词:

多年冻土;  稳定性;  热融灾害;  线性工程;  铁路;  公路;  管道;  泛北极

Keywords:

permafrost;  stability;  thermokarst hazard;  linear engineering;  railway;  highway;  pipeline;  pan-Arctic region

分类号:

P642.14; TU752

DOI:

10.19814/j.jese.2021.01034

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

泛北极是中国“一带一路”倡议的主要合作示范区域,已有的重大线性工程及新的基础设施建设均面临着与多年冻土相关的冻融灾害及工程病害问题。在全球气候变暖及人类活动增强的背景下,泛北极多年冻土主要呈现地温升高、活动层厚度增加趋势,且低温多年冻土地温升高更加明显,20世纪70年代以来年平均地温(MAGT)升温最高可达3 ℃; 自北向南多年冻土活动层厚度增加,且增厚趋势趋于明显,在俄蒙边境地区活动层厚度增速为3～5 cm·年^-1。多年冻土退化诱发系列与热喀斯特过程相关的地质灾害,主要包括热喀斯特滑坡与热喀斯特湖,且灾害数量急剧增加,如加拿大Banks Island地区1984～2015年热喀斯特滑坡数量增加了约60倍。在多年冻土退化、热稳定性降低的背景下,泛北极铁路、公路和管道等重大线性工程出现了沉陷、裂缝等不同类型、不同程度的病害,整体上多年冻土区道路工程病害率大于30%。热融灾害及工程病害的发育均与气候及岩土、冻土条件相关,但工程病害还与工程运营期限、工程结构形式密切关联。对比泛北极道路、管道等线性工程状况及其与工程结构的关系,以及病害特征和防治措施效果,表明基于保护冻土的“主动冷却”设计原则依然是多年冻土区工程设计的主导思想。

Abstract:

The pan-Arctic region is one of the cooperative demonstration areas of the “Belt and Road” initiative. The local linear engineering faces serious challenges of permafrost-thawing hazards and corresponding engineering problems. Under the background of the climate warming and human activity increasing, permafrost in the pan-Arctic region has been undergoing continuous degradation, showing as increasing of the mean annual ground temperature(MAGT), thickening of the active layer and general decreasing of the thermal stability. The low-temperature permafrost has been developing more obvious increase in ground temperature, since the 1970s, the MAGT has increased up to 3 ℃, and the active layer thickness of the permafrost has increased from north to south, and the trend of thickening is obvious. The series of geological hazards induced by the permafrost degradation is related to thermokarst processes, mainly including thermokarst landslides and thermokarst lakes. The number of the landslide hazard increases seriously, shown by a 60-fold increase in numbers between 1984 and 2015, as more than 4 000 thermokarst landslides are initiated in Banks Island, Canada. Under the background of permafrost degradation and decrease of thermal stability, the major linear engineering projects, such as railways, highways and pipelines in the pan-Arctic region, appear various types and degrees of problems such as settlement and cracks. With the decrease of the thermal stability of permafrost and the increase of susceptibility of the thawing-induced hazards, the engineering problems would continue to develop. Compared with the thawing-induced hazards, the development of engineering problems is not only related to the climate, geotechnical and frozen soil conditions, but also closely related to the engineering operation period and engineering structures. On the whole, the disease rate of road engineering in the permafrost regions is more than 30%. After assessing the current status, along with the configure structures of the main linear engineering projects, including roadway, pipeline, etc., in the pan-Arctic region, it is confirmed that the “active cooling” design principle based on the protection of frozen soil is still the dominant method of engineering design in the permafrost regions.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:

收稿日期:2021-01-29; 修回日期:2021-04-03
基金项目:中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)项目(XDA19070504); 冻土工程国家重点实验室开放基金项目(SKLFSE202014)
作者简介:牛富俊(1970-),男,甘肃会宁人,研究员,博士研究生导师,工学博士,博士后,1988～1992年在西安地质学院(现长安大学)地质勘查专业攻读学士学位,1992～1995年在西安地质学院(现长安大学)构造地质学专业攻读硕士学位,1995～1998年在西安工程学院(现长安大学)水文地质工程地质专业攻读博士学位,E-mail:niufujun@lzb.ac.cn。

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