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《地球科学与环境学报》[ISSN:1672-6561/CN:61-1423/P]

卷:

第46卷

期数:

2024年第06期

页码:

729-745

栏目:

基础地质与矿床地质

出版日期:

2024-12-15

文章信息/Info

Title:

Characteristics of Grade and Resource of Sediment and Metasediment-hosted Copper-cobalt Deposits and Their Exploration Significance

文章编号:

1672-6561(2024)06-0729-17

作者:

王 强^1*; 程志中¹; 庞振山¹; 颜廷杰¹; 陈保林²; 袁慧香¹; 乔 宇²; 李晓蕾¹

(1. 中国地质调查局发展研究中心,北京 100037; 2. 紫金矿业集团股份有限公司,福建 上杭 361000)

Author(s):

WANG Qiang^1*;  CHENG Zhi-zhong¹;  PANG Zhen-shan¹;  YAN Ting-jie¹;  CHEN Bao-lin²;  YUAN Hui-xiang¹;  QIAO Yu²;  LI Xiao-lei¹

(1. Development and Research Center, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100037, China; 2. Zijin Mining Group Co. Ltd, Shanghang 361000, Fujian, China)

关键词:

沉积岩-变沉积型矿床;  铜钴矿;  品位;  Cu/Co值;  金属来源;  超常富集;  找矿勘查;  隐伏矿

Keywords:

sediment and metasediment-hosted deposit;  copper-cobalt deposit;  grade;  Cu/Co ratio;  metal source;  supernormal enrichment;  mineral exploration;  blind deposit

分类号:

P612

DOI:

10.19814/j.jese.2024.04008

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

沉积岩-变沉积岩型铜钴矿在全球铜、钴资源中占据重要地位,其中钴资源量超过全球总量的48%,产量约占全球的68%以上; 铜资源量全球占比20%,仅次于斑岩铜矿。沉积岩-变沉积岩型铜钴矿赋矿围岩类型多样,不同赋矿围岩铜钴矿品位吨位特征及其控制因素鲜有研究,因此对收集的98个陆上沉积岩-变沉积岩型铜钴矿进行了统计分析。全球陆上沉积岩-变沉积岩型铜钴矿可进一步细分为角砾岩型、页岩型、砂岩型和变质岩型4种类型,主要分布在中非刚果(金)和赞比亚,其次为中国、美国、芬兰和澳大利亚。不同赋矿围岩铜钴矿的Cu品位、Co品位、Cu/Co值、铜和钴资源量特征对比分析表明:角砾岩型以较高的Co、Cu品位为特征,且异常高铜、钴资源量也主要为角砾岩型; 砂岩型和页岩型总体以较低的Co品位为特征,页岩型具有较高的Cu/Co值; 变沉积岩型总体以较低的Cu品位、Cu/Co值以及铜和钴资源量为特征。沉积岩-变沉积岩型铜钴矿Cu、Co品位和Cu/Co值以及铜、钴资源量特征主要受金属来源和多期热液流体作用影响。Cu、Co超常富集是多种因素(如基底镁铁质—超镁铁质岩、低品位铜钴矿化、富钴页岩和后期改造等)综合作用的结果。变沉积岩型铜钴矿较低的Cu品位和资源量则可能是Cu活化迁移过程中发生了显著的地球化学扩散。我国沉积岩-变沉积岩型铜钴矿分布的相对广泛性和较低资源量之间的不匹配性较为突出,可能指示仍具有较大找矿勘查潜力。未来沉积岩-变沉积岩型铜钴矿找矿勘查应聚焦高品位隐伏矿。

Abstract:

Sediment and metasediment-hosted copper-cobalt deposits play an important role in global Co and Cu resources, with Co reserve exceeding 48% of the world’s cobalt reserves and production accounting for over 68% of the world. The Cu reserve accounts for 20% of the world, second only to porphyry copper. The types of host rock for the copper-cobalt deposits are various, and few studies have been conducted on the characteristics and controlling factors of distribution, grade, and resource of the copper-cobalt deposits in different host rocks. Statistical analysis on the grade and resource data of the 98 collected sediment and metasediment-hosted copper-cobalt deposits on land were conducted. The copper-cobalt deposit on global land can be further subdivided into four types, including breccia-type, shale-type, sandstone-type and metasediment-type. The deposits are mainly distributed in Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC)and Zambia in Central Africa, followed by China, the United States, Finland, and Australia. The breccia-type deposits are characterized by higher Co and Cu grades, and the deposits with abnormally high Co and Cu resources are mainly breccia-type. The sandstone- and shale-type deposits are generally characterized by lower Co grades, and the shale-type deposits have typically high Cu/Co ratios. The metasediment-type deposits are usually characterized by lower Cu grades, Cu/Co ratio, and Co and Cu resources. The grade, Cu/Co ratio, and resource characteristics of sediment and metasediment-hosted cobalt copper deposits are mainly influenced by metal source and multi-stage hydrothermal fluid activities. The supernormal enrichment of Cu and Co is the result of multiple factors(such as mafic-ultramafic rocks, low grade Cu and Co mineralization, Co-rich shale and late transformation). The low Cu grade and resource of metasediment-type deposits may be attributed to significant geochemical dispersion during Cu activation and migration. The mismatch between the relatively widespread distribution and low resources of sediment and metasediment-hosted copper-cobalt deposits in China is prominent, which may indicate that there is still significant potential for mineral exploration. The future exploration of sediment and metasediment-hosted copper-cobalt deposits should focus on high grade blind deposits.

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收稿日期:2024-04-07; 修回日期:2024-06-07
基金项目:国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFC2906405); 中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20230357)
*通信作者:王 强(1988-),男,湖北十堰人,理学博士,博士后,E-mail:wqgeochemistry@163.com。
通信作者:程志中(1969-),男,浙江安吉人,研究员,博士研究生导师,理学博士,E-mail:chengzhizhong69@163.com。

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