蛇纹石化作用的气体形成研究进展-《地球科学与环境学报》

文章信息/Info

Author(s):: ZHANG Ming-feng; WANG Xian-bin; TUO Jin-cai; WU Chen-jun; Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources of Gansu Province/Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resource Research of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China

Keywords:: mafic-ultramafic rock; water-rock interaction; serpentinization; hydrogen; methane; abiotic gas; organic compound

摘要:: 蛇纹石化过程可驱动热液系统并产生甲烷和氢气，还能够为生物体提供能量和电子来源的分子氢。超基性岩蛇纹石化生成非生物成因烷烃与其他有机化合物，为化能自养微生物群落提供所需要的能量和初始物质，是生命起源最重要的变质水化反应。橄榄岩的蛇纹石化是大洋中不可忽略的重要地质过程，与热液系统相关的基性—超基性岩在大洋中是很普遍的，蛇纹石化过程可能驱动热液系统并产生甲烷和氢气异常。蛇纹石化作用气体的甲烷碳同位素组成提供了非生物成因甲烷存在的证据，蛇纹石化作用被认为是地球内部形成非生物成因烷烃的一种重要机制。通过研究现今地球上蛇绿岩套的水岩反应，可以类似地用来模拟火星上可能存在的生物环境，认为低温条件下蛇纹石化作用是火星上甲烷产生的可能来源。

Abstract:: Serpentinization may be the driving force of hydrothermal system and can produce methane and hydrogen, the molecular hydrogen formed may be used as an energy and electron source by microbial communities. The abiogenic hydrocarbons and other organic compounds formed through the serpentinization of ultramafic rocks provide energy and raw materials to support chemosynthetic microbial communities, which are probably the most important hydration reaction for the origin and early evolution of life. Serpentinized ultramafic rocks related to hydrothermal system, are important geological process in ocean system. Serpentinization may be the driving force of hydrothermal system and can produce methane and hydrogen. Using carbon isotope analyses of hydrocarbons abiogenic methane, a clear distinction between abiogenic and thermogenic hydrocarbons is shown. Serpentinization is considered as an important mechanism for forming abiotic alkane in earth interior. By studying water-rock interactions that occur in ophiolite terranes on Earth, the biological signitures on Mars are found. Important implications are the active serpentinization processes at low-temperature in Mars’ past, which may contribute to the production of CH₄, which is a suitable energy source for chemosynthetic microbial life.