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《地球科学与环境学报》[ISSN:1672-6561/CN:61-1423/P]

卷:

第43卷

期数:

2021年第03期

页码:

487-505

栏目:

基础地质与矿产地质

出版日期:

2021-05-15

文章信息/Info

Title:

Temporal-spatial Distribution, Genesis and Metallogenic Regularity of the Rare Metal Deposits in Altay of China, Kazakhstan and Russia

文章编号:

1672-6561(2021)03-0487-19

作者:

申 萍¹; 2; 3; 潘鸿迪⁴; 李昌昊¹; 2; 冯浩轩¹; 2; 罗耀清¹; 2; 马华东⁵; 索青宇¹; 2; 白应雄¹; 2; 武 阳¹; 2

(1. 中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所 中国科学院矿产资源研究重点实验室,北京 100029; 2. 中国科学院大学 地球与行星科学学院,北京 100049; 3. 中国科学院地球科学研究院,北京 100029; 4. 长安大学 地球科学与资源学院,陕西 西安 710054; 5. 新疆自然资源与生态环境研究中心,新疆 乌鲁木齐 830000)

Author(s):

SHEN Ping¹; 2; 3;  PAN Hong-di⁴;  LI Chang-hao¹; 2;  FENG Hao-xuan¹; 2;  LUO Yao-qing¹; 2;  MA Hua-dong⁵;  SUO Qing-yu¹; 2;  BAI Ying-xiong¹; 2;  WU Yang¹; 2

(1. Key Laboratory of Mineral Resources, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; 2. College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; 3. Innovation Academy of Earth Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; 4. School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; 5. Xinjiang Natural Resources and Ecological Environment Research Center, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China)

关键词:

稀有金属矿床;  花岗岩;  伟晶岩;  成矿时代;  矿床成因;  成矿规律;  成矿带;  阿尔泰

Keywords:

rare metal deposit;  granite;  pegmatite;  mineralization age;  genesis of deposit;  metallogenic regularity;  metallogenic belt;  Altay

分类号:

P612

DOI:

10.19814/j.jese.2021.02017

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

中哈俄阿尔泰发育许多大型—超大型稀有金属矿床,是世界著名的稀有金属成矿省。该成矿省可分为3个稀有金属成矿带,自西南向东北依次为哈萨克斯坦Kalba-Narym、中国阿尔泰和俄罗斯山区阿尔泰等。这3个成矿带稀有金属矿床以伟晶岩型为主,但伟晶岩与花岗岩关系及其伟晶岩成因不一致:在哈萨克斯坦Kalba-Narym成矿带和俄罗斯山区阿尔泰成矿带,矿区发育同期的花岗岩,伟晶岩是花岗质岩浆分异演化的产物; 而在中国阿尔泰成矿带,矿区未见同期的花岗岩,伟晶岩成因有变质深熔和岩浆分异结晶两种不同认识。这3个成矿带稀有金属矿床的成矿规律也有差异:在成矿时代上,自西南向东北,矿床形成分别集中在二叠纪、三叠纪和晚三叠世—早侏罗世,成矿时代逐渐变新; 在成矿类型和元素组合上,哈萨克斯坦Kalba-Narym成矿带和中国阿尔泰成矿带的稀有金属矿床以伟晶岩型为主,元素组合分别为Ta-Nb-Be-Li和Be-Li-Nb-Ta(-Cs-Rb-Hf),俄罗斯山区阿尔泰成矿带稀有金属矿床则以云英岩型钼钨(铍)矿床为主,有少量的伟晶岩型锂钽矿床。

Abstract:

Many large and super-large rare metal deposits are located in Altay of China, Kazakhstan and Russia, which is a famous rare metal metallogenic province in the world. The metallogenic province can be divided into three metallogenic belts, namely, Kazakhstan Kalba-Narym metallogenic belt, China Altay metallogenic belt and Russia Gorny Altay metallogenic belt, from southwest to northeast. These metallogenic belts are characterized by predominant pegmatite-type rare metal deposits, but have different relationship between pegmatite and granite, and differ in the genesis of ore-forming pegmatite. The ore-forming pegmatites are produced by the differentiation of granitic magma in Kazakhstan Kalba-Narym and Russia Gorny Altay metallogenic belts based on the same time granites around the rare metal deposits. However, the ore-forming pegmatites could be formed by metamorphic anatexis or magmatic fractional crystallization in China Altay metallogenic belt, because the same time granites in the rare metal deposits have not been recognized. These metallogenic belts also differ in metallogenic regularities of the rare metal deposits. The mineralization ages of the rare metal deposits are concentrated in Permian, Triassic and Late Triassic-Early Jurassic, respectively, gradually being young from southwest to northeast. Most rare metal deposits in Kazakhstan Kalba-Narym and China Altay metallogenic belts are pegmatite-type, and the rare metal associations are Ta-Nb-Be-Li and Be-Li-Nb-Ta(-Cs-Rb-Hf), respectively, while the rare metal deposits in Russia Gorny Altay metallogenic belt are mainly greisen-type Mo-W(Be)deposits with a small amount of pegmatite-type Li-Ta deposits.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:

收稿日期:2021-02-20; 修回日期:2021-03-23
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(91962213); 上海合作组织国际科技合作计划项目(2020E01043); 中国科学院国际伙伴计划项目(132A11KYSB20190070); 国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFC0604004)
作者简介:申 萍(1964-),女,陕西西安人,中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所研究员,博士研究生导师,理学博士,1983～1987年在西安地质学院(现长安大学)地质勘查专业攻读学士学位,E-mail:pshen@mail.iggcas.ac.cn。

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