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《地球科学与环境学报》[ISSN:1672-6561/CN:61-1423/P]

卷:

第44卷

期数:

2022年第01期

页码:

1-19

栏目:

基础地质与矿床地质

出版日期:

2022-01-15

文章信息/Info

Title:

Tectonic Transformation of Proto- and Paleo-Tethys and the Metallization of Magmatic Ni-Cu-Co Sufide Deposits in Kunlun Orogen, Northwest China

文章编号:

1672-6561(2022)01-0001-19

作者:

李文渊¹; 2; 3; 张照伟¹; 2; 王亚磊¹; 2; 4; 张江伟¹; 2; 尤敏鑫¹; 2; 4; 张志炳⁵; 南卡俄吾⁶

(1. 自然资源部岩浆作用成矿与找矿重点实验室,陕西 西安 710054; 2. 中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心,陕西 西安 710054; 3. 中国-上海合作组织地学合作研究中心,陕西 西安 710054; 4. 中国地质科学院研究生院,北京 100037; 5. 中国地质大学(北京)地球科学与资源学院,北京 100083; 6. 长安大学 地球科学与资源学院,陕西 西安 710054)

Author(s):

LI Wen-yuan¹; 2; 3;  ZHANG Zhao-wei¹; 2;  WANG Ya-lei¹; 2; 4;  ZHANG Jiang-wei¹; 2;  YOU Min-xin¹; 2; 4;  ZHANG Zhi-bing⁵;  Namkha NORBU⁶

(1. Key Laboratory for the Study of Focused Magmatism and Giant Ore Deposits of Ministry of Natural Resources, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; 2. Xi'an Center of Geological Survey, China Geological Survey, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; 3. China-SCO Geosciences Research Center, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; 4. Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China; 5. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China; 6. School of Earth Science and Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China)

关键词:

岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床;  镁铁—超镁铁岩;  原特提斯;  古特提斯;  构造转换;  成矿作用;  东昆仑

Keywords:

magmatic Cu-Ni-Co sulfide deposit;  mafic-ultramafic rock;  Proto-Tethy;  Paleo-Tethy;  tectonic transformation;  metallization;  East Kunlun

分类号:

P611

DOI:

10.19814/j.jese.2021.08033

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

特提斯构造域研究愈来愈显示为原特提斯、古特提斯和新特提斯三分的特点,其中古特提斯洋的形成演化及其成矿作用的研究较为薄弱,特别是古特提斯洋何时开始裂解非常缺乏研究。根据东昆仑早古生代末夏日哈木超大型岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床(简称“夏日哈木矿床”)发现的事实,以及近年来在东昆仑、南祁连和阿尔金发现的一批早古生代末和晚古生代初之交的岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床的特点,提出它们代表了古特提斯洋裂解的认识,认为与古亚洲洋同期的原特提斯洋于志留纪末碰撞闭合后,在冈瓦纳大陆北缘由于地幔柱作用改造的软流圈发生部分熔融而裂解,形成了夏日哈木等与裂解背景幔源镁铁—超镁铁岩有关的超大型岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床。早古生代和晚古生代之交是古特提斯洋裂解的开始,此时以秦祁昆(秦岭—祁连—昆仑)洋为代表的原特提斯洋已经闭合,作为原特提斯洋弧后盆地的古亚洲洋尽管尚未闭合,但夏日哈木矿床则是原特提斯洋造山后陆壳再次裂解的产物,并非形成于原特提斯洋岛弧或后碰撞的环境。矿物学和地球化学研究表明:尽管夏日哈木矿床具有轻稀土元素富集,Nb、Ta、Ti相对亏损和橄榄石低Ca等弧岩浆信息,但与岛弧环境的阿拉斯加型岩体有显著的区别; 夏日哈木矿床有较多的斜方辉石,甚至出现斜方辉石岩,磁铁矿含量较少,母岩浆具有较高Al₂O₃等。根据已有的成矿事实,结合区域上原特提斯洋闭合蛇绿岩和洋壳俯冲折返榴辉岩的研究,以及早泥盆世存在的区域不整合建造特点和东昆仑与岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床同时代的双峰式火山岩分布,认为以夏日哈木为代表的早泥盆世岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床,不仅是世界上特提斯成矿域发现的首例特大型岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床,而且代表了全球一期新的岩浆铜镍钴硫化物矿床的重要成矿事件,是古特提斯构造裂解重大地质事件的产物。加强该期成矿和不成矿造山带中出露的镁铁—超镁铁岩深部岩浆源区和成矿过程的研究,将有助于揭示古特提斯洋裂解开始构造演化的地球动力学机制和过程。

Abstract:

The research of Tethys tectonic domain shows more and more characteristics of Proto-Tethys, Paleo-Tethys and Neo-Tethys, among which the research of formation and evolution of Paleo-Tethys ocean and its mineralization are relatively weak, particularly when Paleo-Tethys began cracking almostly lackes necessary research. On the basis of the discovery of Xiarihamu super-large Cu-Ni-Co sulfide deposit at the end of Early Paleozoic in East Kunlun, and the characteristics of a number of magmatic Cu-Ni-Co sulfide deposits dating between the end of Early Paleozoic and early Late Paleozoic in East Kunlun, Southern Qilian and Alkin, it is proposed that they represent the results of Paleo-Tethys cracking. It is believed that after the collision closure for Proto-Tethys ocean in the same period as Paleo-Asian ocean at the end of Silurian, and as a result of mantle plume, the modified asthenosphere is partially melted and the northern margin of Gondwana continent is cracked, which results in the formation of Xiarihamu deposit related to the mantle-derived mafic-ultramafic rock. Turn of Early and Late Paleozoic is the beginning of Paleo-Tethys ocean cracking, and at this time, Qinling-Qilian-Kunlun ocean as the representative of Proto-Tethys ocean has been closed. Although Paleo-Asian ocean as a back-arc basin of Proto-Tethys is not yet closed, Xiarihamu deposit is the product of the re-cracking of continental crust after Proto-Tethys orogeny, and is not formed in the environment of Proto-Tethys island arc or post-collision. Mineralalogy and geochemical results show that although the arc magma information with depletion of Nb, Ta, Ti in Xiarihamu deposit, it is significantly different from Alaska rock body in the island arc environment; Xiarihamu deposit has more pyroxenite, less magnetite content, and primary magma with high-Al₂O₃, etc. According to the existing mineralization, combined with the research of closed ophiolites and shell subduction returning eclogite of Proto-Tethys ocean, and the characteristics of the regional unconformity of Early Devonian formation and the distribution of bimodal volcanic rocks contemporary with the magmatic Cu-Ni-Co sulfide deposits in East Kunlun, the Early Devonian magmatic Cu-Ni-Co sulfide deposit represented by Xiarihamu deposit is not only the first super-large magmatic Ni-Co sulfide deposit discovered in the global Tethys metallogenic domain, but also represents the new magmatic Cu-Ni-Co important ore-forming event, which is the product of the major geological event of Paleo-Tethys cracking. Strengthening the research of deep magmatic sources and ore-forming processes of mineralized and not syn-exhumation mafic-ultramafic rocks in the orogenic belts, will help revealing the geodynamics mechanisms and processes of the initial tectonic evolution of Paleo-Tethys ocean.

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收稿日期:2021-08-19; 修回日期:2021-10-20
基金项目:国家重点研发计划课题(2019YFC0605201); 第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究专题(2019QZKK0801); 国家自然科学基金项目(41873053); 陕西省创新能力支撑计划创新团队项目(2020TD-030)
作者简介:李文渊(1962-),男,甘肃武威人,中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心研究员,博士研究生导师,理学博士,E-mail:xalwenyuan@126.com。

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