|Table of Contents|

Geophysical Electromagnetic Field 3D Forward Modeling Simulation Software System EMSIM Based on the Finite Element(PDF)

《地球科学与环境学报》[ISSN:1672-6561/CN:61-1423/P]

Issue:
2025年第05期
Page:
857-870
Research Field:
应用地球物理
Publishing date:

Info

Title:
Geophysical Electromagnetic Field 3D Forward Modeling Simulation Software System EMSIM Based on the Finite Element
Author(s):
CHEN Wei-ying12* XUE Guo-qiang12
(1. Key Laboratory of Deep Petroleum Intelligent Exploration and Development, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China; 2. College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)
Keywords:
geophysics electromagnetic field 3D forward modeling software development finite element CAD modeling mesh partitioning parallel computing
PACS:
P631.3+25; TP311.52
DOI:
10.19814/j.jese.2025.02026
Abstract:
Electromagnetic methods are essential for probing the Earth's interior. Forward modeling and simulation play a crucial role in understanding the mechanisms behind electromagnetic field responses, optimizing exploration strategies, and enhancing inversion processing and interpretation. Currently, the research on various electromagnetic forward modeling algorithms is flourishing, leading to the emergence of numerous open-source programs. However, these tools are often limited to a single program level, and the critical areas such as model construction, mesh generation, and post-processing visualization, frequent switching to external software are often necessary, which increase operational complexity and time costs. To address this, a geophysical electromagnetic field 3D forward modeling simulation software system, called EMSIM, is developed. This software implements forward modeling of geophysical electromagnetic fields in 3D space based on the finite element method, and includes full-process functions such as geometric modeling, mesh generation, analysis and solving, visualization, and data management. During the software development process, the key technical challenges are addressed, including complex model modeling and meshing, parallel computing optimization, efficient management of large-scale computational data, and post-processing visualization, significantly improving the accuracy and efficiency of simulation calculations. Through comparative validation with multiple cases, EMSIM meets the practical application needs in terms of operational performance, computational accuracy, and efficiency, and can serve as a powerful tool for the research on geophysical electromagnetics.

References:

[1] KAUFMAN A A,KELLER G V.Frequency and Transient Soundings[M].New York:Elsevier,1983.
[2] 汤井田,任政勇,周 聪,等.浅部频率域电磁勘探方法综述[J].地球物理学报,2015,58(8):2681-2705.
TANG Jing-tian,REN Zheng-yong,ZHOU Cong,et al.Frequency-domain Electromagnetic Methods for Exploration of the Shallow Subsurface:A Review[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2015,58(8):2681-2705.
[3] 王绪本,张 刚,周 军,等.龙门山构造带壳幔电性结构特征及其与汶川、芦山强震关系[J].地球物理学报,2018,61(5):1984-1995.
WANG Xu-ben,ZHANG Gang,ZHOU Jun,et al.Crust and Upper Mantle Electrical Resistivity Structure in the Longmenshan Tectonic Belt and Its Relationship with Wenchuan and Lushan Earthquakes[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2018,61(5):1984-1995.
[4] 底青云,朱日祥,薛国强,等.我国深地资源电磁探测新技术研究进展[J].地球物理学报,2019,62(6):2128-2138.
DI Qing-yun,ZHU Ri-xiang,XUE Guo-qiang,et al.New Development of the Electromagnetic(EM)Me-thods for Deep Exploration[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2019,62(6):2128-2138.
[5] 陈卫营,薛国强,赵 平,等.西藏羊八井地热田SOTEM探测及热储结构分析[J].地球物理学报,2023,66(11):4805-4816.
CHEN Wei-ying,XUE Guo-qiang,ZHAO Ping,et al.SOTEM Exploration and Reservoir Structure Analysis of Yangbajain Geothermal Field,Xizang[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2023,66(11):4805-4816.
[6] 王兴春,智庆全,张 杰,等.瞬变电磁法在雄安新区地下水体调查中的应用[J].地球科学,2023,48(11):4243-4255.
WANG Xing-chun,ZHI Qing-quan,ZHANG Jie,et al.Application of Transient Electromagnetic Method in Investigation of Underground Water in Xiong'an New Area[J].Earth Science,2023,48(11):4243-4255.
[7] YAN L J.Advancements in Controlled Source Electromagnetic Methods for Prospecting Unconventional Hydrocarbon Resources in China[J].Surveys in Geophysics,2024,45:239-276.
[8] 薛国强,武 欣,陈卫营,等.接地源短偏移瞬变电磁法理论及其在深部矿产勘探中的应用[J].中国科学:地球科学,2025,55(2):642-654.
XUE Guo-qiang,WU Xin,CHEN Wei-ying,et al.Grounded-source Short Offset Transient Electromagnetic Method:Theory and Applications in Deep Mi-neral Exploration[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2025,55(2):642-654.
[9] 殷长春,刘 斌.瞬变电磁法三维问题正演及激电效应特征研究[J].地球物理学报,1994,37(增2):486-492.
YIN Chang-chun,LIU Bin.The Research on the 3D TDEM Modeling and IP Effect[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1994,37(S2):486-492.
[10] 孙怀凤,李 貅,李术才,等.考虑关断时间的回线源激发TEM三维时域有限差分正演[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(3):1049-1064.
SUN Huai-feng,LI Xiu,LI Shu-cai,et al.Three-dimensional FDTD Modeling of TEM Excited by a Loop Source Considering Ramp Time[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(3):1049-1064.
[11] CAI H Z,HU X Y,XIONG B,et al.Finite-element Time-domain Modeling of Electromagnetic Data in General Dispersive Medium Using Adaptive Padé Series[J].Computers & Geosciences,2017,109:194-205.
[12] CHEN W Y,XUE G Q,LEI K X,et al.Transient Electromagnetic Smoke Ring Due to a Grounded-wire Source[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,2023,180:2157-2168.
[13] AVDEEV D B.Three-dimensional Electromagnetic Mo-delling and Inversion from Theory to Application[J].Surveys in Geophysics,2005,26:767-799.
[14] BÖRNER R U.Numerical Modelling in Geo-electromagnetics:Advances and Challenges[J].Surveys in Geophysics,2010,31:225-245.
[15] 李建慧,胡祥云,曾思红,等.基于电场Helmholtz方程的回线源瞬变电磁法三维正演[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(12):4256-4267.
LI Jian-hui,HU Xiang-yun,ZENG Si-hong,et al.Three-dimensional Forward Calculation for Loop Source Transient Electromagnetic Method Based on Electric Field Helmholtz Equation[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(12):4256-4267.
[16] KELBERT A,MEQBEL N,EGBERT G D,et al.ModEM:A Modular System for Inversion of Electromagnetic Geophysical Data[J].Computers & Geosciences,2014,66:40-53.
[17] 董 浩,魏文博,叶高峰,等.基于有限差分正演的带地形三维大地电磁反演方法[J].地球物理学报,2014,57(3):939-952.
DONG Hao,WEI Wen-bo,YE Gao-feng,et al.Study of Three-dimensional Magnetotelluric Inversion Including Surface Topography Based on Finite-difference Method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(3):939-952.
[18] HEAGY L J,COCKETT R,KANG S,et al.A Fra-mework for Simulation and Inversion in Electromagnetics[J].Computers & Geosciences,2017,107:1-19.
[19] 殷长春,刘云鹤,熊 彬.地球物理三维电磁反演方法研究动态[J].中国科学:地球科学,2020,50(3):432-435.
YIN Chang-chun,LIU Yun-he,XIONG Bin.Status and Prospect of 3D Inversions in EM Geophysics[J].Science China:Earth Sciences,2020,50(3):432-435.
[20] 李 貅,胡伟明,薛国强.多辐射源地空瞬变电磁响应三维数值模拟研究[J].地球物理学报,2021,64(2):716-723.
LI Xiu,HU Wei-ming,XUE Guo-qiang.3D Modeling of Multi-radiation Source Semi-airborne Transient Ele-ctromagnetic Response[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2021,64(2):716-723.
[21] LU X S,FARQUHARSON C G,MIEHÉ J M,et al.3D Electromagnetic Modeling of Graphitic Faults in the Athabasca Basin Using a Finite-volume Time-domain Approach with Unstructured Grids[J].Geophy-sics,2021,86(6):B349-B367.
[22] LEI K X,SHI J J,CHEN W Y,et al.Shadow Effect and Source Overprint Effect of Short-offset Transient Electromagnetic Method[J].Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2023,20(2):439-451.
[23] 陈卫营,宋婉婷,薛国强,等.内蒙古白云鄂博主东矿三维地电模型与短偏移距瞬变电磁三维正演分析[J].地球物理学报,2024,67(10):3931-3945.
CHEN Wei-ying,SONG Wan-ting,XUE Guo-qiang,et al.3D Electric Model and Short-offset Transient Electromagnetic Forward Modeling Analysis of the Main and East Mines of Bayan Obo Deposit,Inner Mongolia[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2024,67(10):3931-3945.
[24] ORISTAGLIO M L,HOHMANN G W.Diffusion of Electromagnetic Fields into a Two-dimensional Ear-th:A Finite-difference Approach[J].Geophysics,1984,49(7):870-894.
[25] 薛国强,李 貅,底青云.瞬变电磁法正反演问题研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4):1165-1172.
XUE Guo-qiang,LI Xiu,DI Qing-yun.Research Progress in TEM Forward Modeling and Inversion Calculation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2008,23(4):1165-1172.
[26] WANG T,TRIPP A C.FDTD Simulation of EM Wa-ve Propagation in 3-D Media[J].Geophysics,1996,61(1):110-120.
[27] 谭捍东,余钦范,BOOKER J,等.大地电磁法三维交错采样有限差分数值模拟[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(5):705-711.
TAN Han-dong,YU Qin-fan,BOOKER J,et al.Magnetotelluric Three-dimensional Modeling Using the Staggered-grid Finite Difference Method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(5):705-711.
[28] 孙怀凤,柳尚斌,杨 洋.瞬变电磁Crank-Nicolson FDTD三维正演[J].地球物理学报,2021,64(1):343-354.
SUN Huai-feng,LIU Shang-bin,YANG Yang.Crank-Nicolson FDTD 3D Forward Modeling for the Transient Electromagnetic Field[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2021,64(1):343-354.
[29] KRUGLYAKOV M,GERASKIN A,KUVSHINOV A.Novel Accurate and Scalable 3-D MT Forward Solver Based on a Contracting Integral Equation Method[J].Computers & Geosciences,2016,96:208-217.
[30] 汤井田,周 峰,任政勇,等.复杂地下异常体的可控源电磁法积分方程正演[J].地球物理学报,2018,61(4):1549-1562.
TANG Jing-tian,ZHOU Feng,REN Zheng-yong,et al.Three-dimensional Forward Modeling of the Controlled-source Electromagnetic Problem Based on the Integral Equation Method with an Unstructured Grid[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2018,61(4):1549-1562.
[31] 戴世坤,陈轻蕊,凌嘉宣,等.空间-波数域三维大地电磁场积分方程法数值模拟[J].地球物理学报,2022,65(6):2294-2310.
DAI Shi-kun,CHEN Qing-rui,LING Jia-xuan,et al.Three-dimensional Numerical Simulation of Magnetotelluric Field in the Space-wavenumber Domain[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2022,65(6):2294-2310.
[32] CAI H Z,XIONG B,HAN M R,et al.3D Controlled-source Electromagnetic Modeling in Anisotropic Medium Using Edge-based Finite Element Method[J].Computers & Geosciences,2014,73:164-176.
[33] 张继峰,刘寄仁,冯 兵,等.三维陆地可控源电磁法有限元模型降阶快速正演[J].地球物理学报,2020,63(9):3520-3533.
ZHANG Ji-feng,LIU Ji-ren,FENG Bing,et al.Fast Forward Modeling of the 3D Land Controlled-source Electromagnetic Method Based on Model Reduction[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2020,63(9):3520-3533.
[34] 陶梦丽,殷长春,张 博,等.基于多尺度有限元法的频率域航空电磁三维正演研究[J].地球物理学报,2024,67(4):1656-1668.
TAO Meng-li,YIN Chang-chun,ZHANG Bo,et al.Research on 3D Forward Modeling of AEM in Frequency Domain Based on Multiscale Finite Element Me-thod[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2024,67(4):1656-1668.
[35] JAHANDARI H,FARQUHARSON C G.A Finite-volume Solution to the Geophysical Electromagnetic Forward Problem Using Unstructured Grids[J].Geophysics,2014,79(6):E287-E302.
[36] 彭荣华,胡祥云,韩 波,等.基于拟态有限体积法的频率域可控源三维正演计算[J].地球物理学报,2016,59(10):3927-3939.
PENG Rong-hua,HU Xiang-yun,HAN Bo,et al.3D Frequency-domain CSEM Forward Modeling Based on the Mimetic Finite-volume Method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(10):3927-3939.
[37] 周建美,景 旭,鲁凯亮,等.基于重启多项式Krylov子空间模型降阶的全波形瞬变电磁三维正演[J].地球物理学报,2023,66(6):2646-2657.
ZHOU Jian-mei,JING Xu,LU Kai-liang,et al.Three-dimensional Full-time Transient Electromagnetic Mo-deling Using Restarting Polynomial Krylov Subspace Model Order Reduction Method[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2023,66(6):2646-2657.
[38] 刘 玲,殷长春,刘云鹤,等.基于谱元法的频率域三维海洋可控源电磁正演模拟[J].地球物理学报,2018,61(2):756-766.
LIU Ling,YIN Chang-chun,LIU Yun-he,et al.Spectral Element Method for 3D Frequency-domain Marine Controlled-source Electromagnetic Forward Mo-deling[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2018,61(2):756-766.
[39] 陈汉波,李桐林,熊 彬,等.基于混合阶矢量基函数的海洋可控源电磁三维谱元法数值模拟[J].地球物理学报,2019,62(1):343-353.
CHEN Han-bo,LI Tong-lin,XIONG Bin,et al.3D Modeling of Marine CSEM Using the Spectral Element Method Based on Mixed-order Vector Basis Function[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2019,62(1):343-353.
[40] 徐锦通,汤井田.基于谱元法的广域电磁法三维正演模拟[J].地球物理学报,2022,65(4):1461-1471.
XU Jin-tong,TANG Jing-tian.Spectral Element Me-thod for 3D Wide Field Electromagnetic Method Forward Modeling[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2022,65(4):1461-1471.
[41] SOMMER M,HÖLZ S,MOORKAMP M,et al.GPU Parallelization of a Three Dimensional Marine CSEM Code[J].Computers & Geosciences,2013,58:91-99.
[42] 肖调杰,周 峰,郑翾宇,等.大规模三维频率域电磁积分方程法数值模拟[J].计算机工程与科学,2023,45(11):1901-1910.
XIAO Tiao-jie,ZHOU Feng,ZHENG Xuan-yu,et al.Large-scale 3D Electromagnetic Modeling in Frequency Domain Using Integration Equation Method[J].Computer Engineering and Science,2023,45(11):1901-1910.
[43] COCKETT R,KANG S,HEAGY L J,et al.SIMPEG:An Open Source Framework for Simulation and Gradient Based Parameter Estimation in Geophysical Applications[J].Computers & Geosciences,2015,85:142-154.
[44] RÜCKER C,GÜNTHER T,WAGNER F M.pyGIMLi:An Open-source Library for Modelling and Inversion in Geophysics[J].Computers & Geosciences,2017,109:106-123.
[45] CASTILLO-REYES O,DE LA PUENTE J,CELA J M.PETGEM:A Parallel Code for 3D CSEM Forward Modeling Using Edge Finite Elements[J].Compu-ters & Geosciences,2018,119:123-136.
[46] ROCHLITZ R,SKIBBE N,GÜNTHER T.custEM:Customizable Finite-element Simulation of Complex Controlled-source Electromagnetic Data[J].Geophy-sics,2019,84(2):F17-F33.
[47] WERTHMULLER D,ROCHLITZ R,CASTILLO-REYES O,et al.Towards an Open-source Landscape for 3-D CSEM Modelling[J].Geophysical Journal International,2021,227(1):644-659.
[48] MCLACHLAN P,BLANCHY G,BINLEY A.EMagPy:Open-source Standalone Software for Processing,Forward Modeling and Inversion of Electromagnetic Induction Data[J].Computers & Geosciences,2021,146:104561.
[49] LI Y X,SMITH R S.Forward Modeling of Radio Imaging(RIM)Data with the COMSOL RF Module[J].Computers & Geosciences,2015,85:60-67.
[50] QI Y Z,EL-KALIOUBY H,REVIL A,et al.Three-dimensional Modeling of Frequency- and Time-domain Electromagnetic Methods with Induced Polarization Effects[J].Computers & Geosciences,2019,124:85-92.
[51] SONG W T,CHEN W Y,WANG Y B,et al.Analysis of 3D Induced Polarization Effects of SOTEM[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2025,233:105613.
[52] BUTLER S L,SINHA G.Forward Modeling of Applied Geophysics Methods Using COMSOL and Comparison with Analytical and Laboratory Analog Mo-dels[J].Computers & Geosciences,2012,42:168-176.
[53] 孙怀凤,胡杉杉,柳尚斌,等.复杂模型瞬变电磁三维FDTD正演软件开发[J].地球物理学进展,2024,39(6):2368-2382.
SUN Huai-feng,HU Shan-shan,LIU Shang-bin,et al.3D Forward Modeling Software Development for Transient Electromagnetic Based on FDTD Method[J].Progress in Geophysics,2024,39(6):2368-2382.
[54] WARD S H,HOHMANN G W.Electromagnetic Th-eory for Geophysical Applications[C]∥NABIGHIAN M N,CORBETT J D.Electromagnetic Methods in Applied Geophysics:Voume 1,Theory.Tusla:Society of Exploration Geophysicists,1988:235-255.
[55] JIN J M.The Finite Element Method in Electromagnetics[M].2nd ed.Hoboken:Wiley-IEEE Press,2002.
[56] 管志宁,郝天珧,姚长利.21世纪重力与磁法勘探的展望[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2):237-244.
GUAN Zhi-ning,HAO Tian-yao,YAO Chang-li.Pro-spect of Gravity and Magnetic Exploration in the 21st Century[J].Progress in Geophysics,2002,17(2):237-244.
[57] 殷长春,黄 威,贲 放.时间域航空电磁系统瞬变全时响应正演模拟[J].地球物理学报,2013,56(9):3153-3162.
YIN Chang-chun,HUANG Wei,BEN Fang.The Fu-ll-time Electromagnetic Modeling for Time-domain Airborne Electromagnetic Systems[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2013,56(9):3153-3162.
[58] 薛国强,常江浩,雷康信,等.瞬变电磁法三维模拟计算研究进展[J].地球科学与环境学报,2021,43(3):559-567.
XUE Guo-qiang,CHANG Jiang-hao,LEI Kang-xin,et al.Review on Three-dimensional Simulations of Transient Electromagnetic Field[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2021,43(3):559-567.

Memo

Memo:
-
Last Update: 2025-10-01