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《地球科学与环境学报》[ISSN:1672-6561/CN:61-1423/P]

卷:

第44卷

期数:

2022年第06期

页码:

903-921

栏目:

纪念刘国昌先生诞辰110周年专辑

出版日期:

2022-11-15

文章信息/Info

Title:

Catastrophic Mechanism of Seepage Deformation and Failure of Mining Rock Mass and Its Prevention & Control Ⅰ: Water-sand Mixture Inrush from Seam Roof

文章编号:

1672-6561(2022)06-0903-19

作者:

隋 旺 华¹; 2

(1. 中国矿业大学 资源与地球科学学院,江苏 徐州 221116; 2. 中国矿业大学 矿山水害防治技术基础研究国家级专业中心实验室,江苏 徐州 221116)

Author(s):

SUI Wang-hua¹; 2

(1. School of Resources and Geosciences, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China; 2. Fundamental Research Laboratory for Mine Water Hazards Prevention and Control Technology, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, Jiangsu, China)

关键词:

渗透变形;  顶板突水;  溃水溃砂;  垮落带;  裂隙带;  临界水力坡度;  安全水头;  危险性评价

Keywords:

seepage deformation;  water inrush from seam roof;  water-sand mixture inrush;  caving zone;  fractured zone;  critical hydraulic gradient;  safe hydraulic head;  risk evaluation

分类号:

P64; TD12

DOI:

10.19814/j.jese.2022.10001

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

矿山采掘诱发顶板溃水溃砂灾害防控正成为制约矿山安全的重要瓶颈。从成灾机制、运动规律和危险性评价等方面综述了顶板溃水溃砂研究的主要进展和趋势。溃水溃砂的成灾工程地质机制分为4类:直接或间接揭露松散含水层、导水裂隙带沟通松散含水层渗透破坏、人为钻孔沟通松散含水层、软弱覆岩遇水劣化(崩解泥化)伴随顶板裂隙水或离层水突出的溃水溃砂成灾模式。溃水溃砂的运动规律研究获得了水砂混合物经出口、单裂隙、交叉裂隙网络和垮落带的运动特征,建立了溃水溃砂定性和定量的评价方法,提出了溃水溃砂主动防控方法等。最后,提出了顶板溃水溃砂机理及防控应该重点解决的关键科学和技术问题,包括建立顶板溃水溃砂工程地质数字孪生模型,揭示溃水溃砂通道形成机理,建立反映溃水溃砂全过程运动方程,加强监测预警技术、实际赋存环境模型试验技术、高效注浆关键设备等关键技术和设备研发等。

Abstract:

The prevention and control of the disaster of water-sand mixture inrush caused by mining is becoming one of important bottlenecks, which restricts mining safety. The state-of-the-art and trend of water-sand mixture inrush from seam roof were reviewed, including the catastrophic mechanism, movement law and risk evaluation. The engineering geological models of disaster formation are divided into four categories, including water-sand mixture inrush by direct or indirect exposure of unconsolidated aquifers, by seepage failure due to water-conducting fractured zone connecting, by man-made borehole drilling through unconsolidated aquifers, and by softened overburden with deterioration of water and inrush under the combined action of water pressure and mining pressure. In view of the seepage failure of water-sand mixture inrush, combined with the model test and theoretical derivation results, the basic movement law of the water-sand mixture flow through the orifice, single fracture, fracture network and caving zone was obtained, which lays the foundation for the establishment of a unified equation of the movement of water-sand mixture flow. An expression of critical hydraulic gradient from top to bottom seepage was derived, and the concept and calculation method of safe water head against water-sand mixture inrush were proposed. A qualitative and quantitative evaluation method for water-sand mixture was established, and a dynamically quantitative evaluation method for water-sand mixture inrush was realized. The successful application of active prevention and control measures was introduced by grouting to transform the properties of unconsolidated aquifers and backfill mining, in order to reduce overburden failure and prevent water-sand mixture inrush failure. Finally, the scientific problems of the mechanism of water-sand mixture inrush from seam roof and key technical issues, which should be solved in the next step of prevention and control, were proposed. The main scientific issues include that establishment of a digital twin model of the geological geology of water-sand mixture inrush from seam roof, revealing the formation mechanism of the water-sand mixture inrush pathway, the interaction between the water-sand mixture and the surrounding rocks, constructing the motion equation reflecting the whole process of water-sand mixture inrush, obtaining the grout propagation and solidification characteristics in the advanced area of preventing water-sand mixture inrush, etc. Research and development of key technologies include monitoring and early warning technology, actual environment modeling technology, and equipment for high-efficiency grouting.

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收稿日期:2022-10-01
基金项目:国家自然科学基金重点项目(42130706)
作者简介:隋旺华(1964-),男,山东临沂人,教授,博士研究生导师,工学博士,Email:suiwanghua@cumt.edu.cn。

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更新日期/Last Update: 2022-11-25