«上一篇/Previous Article|本期目录/Table of Contents|下一篇/Next Article»

《地球科学与环境学报》[ISSN:1672-6561/CN:61-1423/P]

卷:

第33卷

期数:

2011年第02期

页码:

172-176

栏目:

资源与环境

出版日期:

2011-06-15

文章信息/Info

Title:

Situation and Origin of Water Resources in Short Supply in North China Plain

文章编号:

1672-6561(2011)02-0172-05

作者:

张光辉; 连英立; 刘春华; 严明疆; 王金哲

中国地质科学院 水文地质环境地质研究所,河北 石家庄 050061

Author(s):

ZHANG Guang-hui; LIAN Ying-li; LIU Chun-hua; YAN Ming-jiang; WANG Jin-zhe

Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050061, Hebei, China

关键词:

华北平原; 水资源; 管理性缺水; 政策性缺水; 节水

Keywords:

North China Plain;  water resource;  water scarcity for faulty management;  water scarcity for imperfect policy;  water conservation

分类号:

P641.8

DOI:

-

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

基于水资源可持续利用理念,从水资源承载能力演化周期性、经济社会需用水规模难变性和未来水资源供需关系入手,介绍近60年以来华北平原水资源情势,特别是该平原水资源量、实际用水量和地下水开采量变化特征,并结合未来10到30年区域经济社会发展需用水量趋势,识别和诊断华北平原水资源紧缺因源。结果表明:由于降水量减少导致华北平原缺水(自然资源性缺水)占该平原总缺水量的15.1%～16.4%;因管理缺陷导致水资源浪费的缺水(管理性缺水)占22.1%～24.2%;人口数量和经济社会发展规模过大导致用水量超过区域水资源承载力的缺水(政策性缺水)占59.3%～62.5%。自然资源性、管理性以及政策性缺水的解决对策不同:自然资源性缺水是不依人的意志为转移的,惟有从外域适量调水才能解决;管理性缺水可通过社会文明进步和科技进步不断修正;政策性缺水宜因势利导进行经济社会布局和产业结构调整,特别是限制高耗低效用水产业。即使南水北调工程70.3×10⁸m³/a水进入华北平原,该平原地下水超采情势也难以得到根本性扭转。有新增水源调入或华北平原严控生活和工业用水量,同时大幅压减农业用水量,因势利导优化和逐步调整经济社会布局和产业结构,特别是灌溉农业进行规模化减蒸、降耗、节水的改造,将是缓解华北平原地下水超采和水资源紧缺的根本所在。

Abstract:

Based on the idea of water resources sustainable utilization, the evolution cycles of bearing capacity of water resources, water consumption for economic and social development and relation between supply and demand of water resources in the future were analyzed; the situation of water resources in North China Plain over the past 60 years was introduced, especially the characteristic of actual water consumption and the quantity of water resource and exploiting groundwater; origin of water resources in short supply in North China Plain were discussed with the trend of water consumption for regional economic and social development in the coming 10-30 years. The results showed that water scarcity were from 59.3% to 62.5% of the total water scarcity for imperfect policy, from 22.1% to 24.2% for faulty management and from 15.1% to 16.4% for rainfall decrease in North China Plain. The solutions for the above three kinds of water scarcity were different. The groundwater overexploitation could not be substantially restrained, even if 70.3×10⁸ m³/a of water resources transferred into North China Plain by south-to-north water diversion project. The fundamental approach for improving the groundwater overexploitation and water capacity in North China Plain were that new water source was found; domestic water and industrial consumption were strongly controlled; agricultural water decreased sharply; the structures of economic and social distribution and industry were gradually optimized; water use efficiency could be improved for irrigation agriculture.

参考文献/References:

[1] 张宗祜,施德鸿,沈照理,等.人类活动影响下华北平原地下水环境的演化与发展[J].地球学报,1997,18(4):337-344.
[2] 张兆吉,费宇红,赵宗壮,等.华北平原地下水可持续利用调查评价[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.
[3] 张光辉,费宇红,刘克岩,等.海河平原地下水演变与对策[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[4] 张光辉,聂振龙,申建梅,等.区域地下水功能可持续性评价理论与方法研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.
[5] 张光辉,严明疆,杨丽芝,等.地下水可持续开采量与地下水功能评价的关系[J].地质通报,2008,27(6):875-881.
[6] 张光辉,费宇红,刘克岩,等.华北平原农田区地下水开采量对降水变化响应[J].水科学进展,2006,17(1):43-48.
[7] 张光辉,费宇红,陈宗宇,等.海河流域平原深层地下水补给特征及其可利用性[J].地质论评,2002,48(6):651-658.
[8] 张光辉,费宇红,严明疆,等.灌溉农田节水增产对地下水开采量影响研究[J].水科学进展,2009,20(3):350-355.
[9] 张光辉,费宇红,张行南,等.滹沱河流域平原区地下水流场异常变化与原因[J].水利学报,2008,39(6):747-752.
[10] 李克让.华北平原旱涝气候[M].北京:科学出版社,1990.
[11] 黄荣辉.华北降水的年代和年际变化及其对经济影响[M].北京:科学出版社,1989.
[12] 张光辉,费宇红,杨丽芝,等.地下水补给与开采量对降水变化响应特征:以京津以南河北平原为例[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2006,31(6):879-884.
[13] 张光辉,陈宗宇,费宇红.华北平原地下水形成与区域水文循环演化的关系[J].水科学进展,2000,11(4):415-420.
[14] 张光辉,聂振龙,陈宗宇,等.全新世以来华北平原层圈间水循环演化过程与区域地下水演变周期性[J].地球学报,2001,22(4):293-297.
[15] 张光辉,刘中培,连英立,等.华北平原地下水演化地史特征与时空差异性研究[J].地球学报,2009,30(6):848-854.
[16] 张宗祜,张光辉.大陆水循环系统演化及其环境意义[J].地球学报,2001,22(4):289-292.
[17] 费宇红,张兆吉,张凤娥,等.气候变化和人类活动对华北平原水资源影响分析[J].地球学报,2007,28(6):567-571.
[18] 中国科学院可持续发展战略研究组.2007中国可持续发展战略报告:水,治理与创新[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.
[19] Biswas A K.Water for Sustainable Development in the 21^st Century:a Global Perspective[J].Geojournal,1991,24(4):341-345.
[20] Fei J.Some Views on Water and Sustainability Research in China[C]∥Committee of the International Symposium on Groundwater in Environmental Problems.Proceedings of the International Symposium on Groundwater in Environmental Problems. Chiba:Chiba University,1999:103-106.
[21] World Bank.World Development Indicators[R].Washington DC:World Bank,1998.
[22] 袁宝招,陆桂华,李原园,等.水资源需求驱动因素分析[J].水科学进展,2007,18(3):404-409.
[23] 任宪韶,户作亮,曹寅白,等.海河流域水资源评价[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007.
[24] 王菊翠,仵彦卿,党碧玲,等.陕西关中地区水资源的可持续发展支持能力[J].地球科学与环境学报,2009,31(2):177-184.
[25] 吕 博,倪 娟,王文科,等.水资源开发利用引起的环境负效应——以玛纳斯河流域为例[J].地球科学与环境学报,2006,28(3):53-56.
[26] 陈梦熊.西北干旱区水资源的合理开发利用与荒漠化防治[J].地球科学与环境学报,2005,27(4):1-7.

相似文献/References:

[1]刘少玉,刘鹏飞,周晓妮,等.华北平原水资源合理开发利用的思路与举措[J].地球科学与环境学报,2012,34(03):57.
　LIU Shao-yu,LIU Peng-fei,ZHOU Xiao-ni,et al.Idea and Action for the Rational Development and Utilization of Water Resource in North China Plain[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2012,34(02):57.
[2]李智佩,徐友宁,郭莉,等.陕北现代化煤炭开采区土地沙漠化影响及原因——以大柳塔—活鸡兔矿区为例[J].地球科学与环境学报,2010,32(04):398.
　LI Zhi-pei,XU You-ning,GUO Li,et al.Impacts and Causes of Land Desertification in Modern Coal Mining Districts in the North of Shaanxi Province——a Case Study from Daliuta-Huojitu Mining District[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2010,32(02):398.
[3]吕博,倪娟,王文科,等.水资源开发利用引起的环境负效应 ———以玛纳斯河流域为例[J].地球科学与环境学报,2006,28(03):53.
　LüBo,N I Juan,WANG Wen-ke,et al.Negative Environmental Influence Caused by Development of Water Resource ———A Case S tudy of M anasi River Basin[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2006,28(02):53.
[4]李智佩,岳乐平,薛祥煦,等.民勤盆地水资源环境与可持续发展[J].地球科学与环境学报,2005,27(03):95.
　LI ZHI-pei,YUE Le-ping,XU E Xiang-x u,et al.Water resource, environment and sustainable development of Minqin Basin[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2005,27(02):95.
[5]王雁林,王文科,杨泽元,等.渭河流域陕西段水资源与生态环境保护[J].地球科学与环境学报,2004,26(01):79.
　WANG Yan-lin,WANG Wen-ke,YANG Ze-yuan,et al.Study on ecological environment protection and exploitation and utilization of water resources in Shaanxi part of Weihe river basin[J].Journal of Earth Sciences and Environment,2004,26(02):79.

备注/Memo

备注/Memo:

收稿日期:2011-01-10
基金项目: 国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BADA3B05); 河北省科技厅重点基础研究项目(08966711D)。
作者简介: 张光辉(1959-),男,辽宁沈阳人,研究员,博士研究生导师,从事区域水循环演化与水资源可持续利用研究。E-mail:huanjing@heinfo.net

常用功能

更新日期/Last Update: 2011-06-20