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《地球科学与环境学报》[ISSN:1672-6561/CN:61-1423/P]

卷:

第45卷

期数:

2023年第03期

页码:

749-759

栏目:

水资源与水文地质

出版日期:

2023-05-15

文章信息/Info

Title:

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Sources of Small Bayin River Watershed in the Northeast of Qaidam Basin, China

文章编号:

1672-6561(2023)03-0749-11

作者:

李冬丽¹; 贺海波²; 3; 张雪程¹; 关天昊¹; 杨梦迪¹; 代文静¹; 邵 航¹; 丁士元¹; 李晓东^1*

(1. 天津大学 地球系统科学学院,天津 300072; 2. 中国科学院地球化学研究所 环境地球化学国家重点实验室,贵州 贵阳 550081; 3. 云南大学 云南省地球系统科学重点实验室,云南 昆明 650500)

Author(s):

LI Dong-li¹;  HE Hai-bo²; 3;  ZHANG Xue-cheng¹;  GUAN Tian-hao¹;  YANG Meng-di¹;  DAI Wen-jing¹;  SHAO Hang¹;  DING Shi-yuan¹;  LI Xiao-dong^1*

(1. School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China; 2. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550081, Guizhou, China; 3. Yunnan Key Laboratory of Earth System Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China)

关键词:

水化学;  离子组成;  来源;  空间分布;  控制因素;  柴达木盆地;  青藏高原

Keywords:

hydrochemistry;  ion composition;  source;  spatial distribution;  controlling factor;  Qaidam Basin;  Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

分类号:

P592; X143

DOI:

10.19814/j.jese.2022.12047

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

水化学特征是流域气候特征与环境的重要指示器,可用于揭示流域内河流、湖泊的补给方式及物质来源。以青藏高原柴达木盆地东北部巴音河小流域为研究对象,分析了巴音河—可鲁克湖—托素湖小流域生态系统的水化学组成,探讨了其主要的离子来源及控制因素。结果表明:水体pH、电导率(EC)及溶解性总固体(TDS)沿流向均呈升高的趋势,巴音河、可鲁克湖及托素湖水化学类型分别为HCO₃-Cl-Na-Ca-Mg型/HCO₃-Cl-Na-Mg型、HCO₃-Cl-Na-Mg型及SO₄-Cl-Na-Mg型; 托素湖作为封闭的咸水湖,主要受到蒸发浓缩作用的控制,而巴音河、可鲁克湖则受到岩石风化作用、蒸发浓缩作用以及钠盐淋溶作用等的共同控制; 受蒸发作用的影响,水体碳酸盐矿物达到饱和状态并发生沉淀,从而导致Ca²⁺质量浓度沿流向下降; 巴音河、可鲁克湖Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺摩尔浓度比值较低,推测形成文石、方解石等碳酸盐沉淀,而托素湖Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺摩尔浓度比值较高,则可能形成高镁方解石、原白云石等碳酸盐沉淀; 研究区水体中Na⁺、K⁺、Cl^-主要来源于石盐(NaCl)和钾盐(KCl)等蒸发岩的溶解; 而Mg²⁺、SO^2-₄主要来源于蒸发岩(MgSO₄)风化; Ca²⁺及高质量浓度的HCO^-₃可能来源于碳酸盐矿物的快速溶解,此过程也是水体Mg²⁺来源之一。

Abstract:

Hydrochemistry characteristics, which are indicators of the regional climate and environment, can reveal recharge mode and material sources of lakes and rivers in the basin. To investigate the hydrochemical characteristics and the sources of major ions of the small Bayin river watersheds in the northeast of Qaidam Basin, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the water samples from Bayin river, Hurleg lake, and Tosen lake were collected during May 2021. The results show that pH, EC, and TDS increase along the flow direction; according to the Sukalev classification, the hydrochemical types of Bayin river, Hurleg lake, and Tosen lake are HCO₃-Cl-Na-Ca-Mg/HCO₃-Cl-Na-Mg, HCO₃-Cl-Na-Mg, and SO₄-Cl-Na-Mg, respectively; as a typical closed inland brackish lake, water chemistry of Tosen lake is primarily dominated by evaporation-crystallization processes; while Bayin river and Hurleg lake are jointly influenced by weathering, evaporation-crystallization processes, and sodium salt leaching; owing to the enhanced evaporation, carbonate minerals are always the first phase to precipitate, resulting in the decrease of Ca²⁺ mass concentration along the flow direction; the Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺ molar concentration ratios of Bayin river and Hurleg lake are low, indicating that aragonite or calcite is probably formed; while the Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺ molar concentration ratio of Tosen lake is high, indicating that high magnesium calcite or protodolomite might be formed; the main sources of Na⁺, K⁺ and Cl^- in the water body are the evaporate dissolution such as halite(NaCl)and potash(KCl); moreover, Mg²⁺ and SO^2-₄ are mainly derived from the evaporate(MgSO₄)weathering; HCO^-₃ with high mass concentration and Ca²⁺ may result from rapid dissolution of carbonate minerals, which is also one of the sources of Mg²⁺.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:

收稿日期:2022-12-17; 修回日期:2023-02-08
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(52000136,42007296)
作者简介:李冬丽(1994-),女,苗族,贵州雷山人,理学博士研究生,E-mail:lidongli2050@163.com。
*通讯作者:李晓东(1973-),男,四川遂宁人,教授,博士研究生导师,理学博士,E-mail:xiaodong.li@tju.edu.cn。

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