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《地球科学与环境学报》[ISSN:1672-6561/CN:61-1423/P]

卷:

第46卷

期数:

2024年第03期

页码:

334-350

栏目:

水资源与水文地质

出版日期:

2024-05-15

文章信息/Info

Title:

Chemical Characteristics and Transformation Relationship of Groundwater and SurfaceWater in Fenghe River Basin at the NorthernFoot of Qinling Mountains, China

文章编号:

1672-6561(2024)03-0334-17

作者:

吴志豪¹; 2; 3; 高燕燕¹; 2; 3; 温芮¹; 2; 3; 钱会¹; 2; 3*; 洪敏⁴

(1. 长安大学 水利与环境学院,陕西 西安 710054; 2. 长安大学 旱区地下水水文与生态效应教育部重点实验室,陕西 西安 710054; 3. 长安大学 水利部旱区生态水文与水安全重点实验室,陕西 西安 710054; 4. 自然资源陕西省卫星技术应用中心,陕西 西安 710154)

Author(s):

WU Zhi-hao¹; 2; 3;  GAO Yan-yan¹; 2; 3;  WEN Rui¹; 2; 3;  QIAN Hui¹; 2; 3*;  HONG Min⁴

(1. School of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; 2. KeyLaboratory of SubsurfaceHydrology and Ecological Effect in Arid Region of Ministry ofEducation, Chang'anUniversity, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; 3. Key Laboratoryof Eco-hydrology andWater Security inArid and Semi-arid Regions ofMinistry of Water Resources, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, Shaanxi, China; 4. Shaanxi Satellite Application Technology Center for Natural Resources, Xi'an 710154, Shaanxi, China)

关键词:

水化学;  影响因素;  转化关系;  地下水-地表水;  离子比;  补给比例;  氢氧同位素;  渭河流域

Keywords:

waterchemistry;  influencing factor;  transformation relationship;  groundwater-surface water;  ion ratio;  recharge ratio;  hydrogen and oxygen isotopes;  Weihe River Basin

分类号:

P64

DOI:

10.19814/j.jese.2024.02009

文献标志码:

A

摘要:

秦岭北麓沣河是“长安八水”之一,对其水环境现状、影响因素及地表水-地下水转化关系进行深入研究是河流生态修复的关键。根据2022年7月在沣河流域采集的62个地下水样和17个地表水样的分析结果,采用数理统计法、Piper图、Gibbs图、离子比法和氢氧同位素分析了地下水和地表水化学特征及其影响因素,探究了地下水和地表水的转化关系。结果表明:①研究区地下水为弱碱性,约有50%为极硬水、25%为硬水,溶解性总固体(TDS)较大,最大值高达1 916 mg?L^-1,NO^-₃浓度较高; 地表水为弱碱性,为软水或微硬水,溶解性总固体较小,有机物含量较高; 地表水和地下水阳离子均以Ca²⁺为主,阴离子均以HCO^-₃为主,地表水基本是HCO₃-Ca型水; 地下水化学类型主要有HCO₃-Ca、HCO₃?SO₄-Ca、HCO₃-Ca?Mg和HCO₃?SO₄-Ca?Mg型,分别占比24.19%、24.19%、16.13%和9.68%,且水化学类型空间变化较大。②研究区水化学特征主要受到岩石风化作用的控制,蒸发浓缩和大气降水也有一定影响; 水中Na⁺除岩盐溶解外,还有硅酸盐风化的影响,Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺和HCO^-₃主要来源于方解石、白云石等碳酸盐的风化溶解; 地下水中阳离子交替吸附作用普遍发生,对Ca²⁺和Na⁺浓度影响较大; 人类活动增加了部分地下水中SO^2-₄、NO^-₃和Cl^-浓度,相比之下地表水受到人类活动的影响较小。③研究区洪积扇扇顶-扇中主要是地表水补给地下水,补给比例为46.62%; 洪积扇前缘主要是地下水补给地表水,补给比例为13.62%; 下游平原主要是地表水补给地下水,补给比例为38.39%。

Abstract:

The Fenghe River is one of the “Eight Waters of Chang'an”, and in-depth research on the status quo of its water environment,influencing factors, and the relationship between surface water and groundwater transformation is the key to the ecological restoration of the river. Based on 62 groundwater samples and 17 surface water samples collected in Fenghe River Basin in July 2022, the chemical characteristics and influencing factors of groundwater and surface water were analyzed by mathematical statistics, Piper diagram, Gibbs diagram, ion ratio method andhydrogen and oxygenisotopes,and the transformation relationship between groundwater and surface water was explored. The results show that ① the groundwater in the study area is weakly alkaline, about 50% is extremely hard water, 25% is hard water, and the total dissolved solids(TDS)is large, the maximum value is as high as 1 916 mg?L^-1, andNO^-₃concentrationis high; surface water is weakly alkaline, soft or slightly hard water, with less TDS and more organic matter; the cations of surface water and groundwater are mainly Ca²⁺, the anions are mainlyHCO^-₃, and the surface water is basicallyHCO₃-Cawater; the main chemical types of groundwater areHCO₃-Ca,HCO₃? SO₄-Ca,HCO₃-Ca? Mg andHCO₃? SO₄-Ca? Mgtypes accounted for 24.19%, 24.19%, 16.13% and 9.68%, respectively, and the spatial variation of water chemistry type is large. ② Thewaterchemical characteristics of the study area are mainly controlled by rock weathering, and evaporation concentration and atmospheric precipitation are also affected; in addition to the dissolution of rock salt, Na⁺ in water should also be affected by silicate weathering, and Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ andHCO^-₃ mainly come from the weathering and dissolution of carbonates such as calcite and dolomite; the alternating adsorption of cations in groundwater is common, which has a great impact onCa²⁺ and Na⁺concentrations; human activities have increased the concentrations of SO^2-₄, NO^-₃ and Cl^- in some groundwaters, while surface water is less affected by human activities. ③ The surface water is mainly used to recharge groundwater in the alluvial fan top-middle in the study area, and the recharge ratio is 46.62%; the leading edge of the alluvial fan is mainly recharged by groundwater for surface water, and the recharge ratio is 13.62%; the lower plain is mainly recharged by surface water to groundwater, with a recharge ratio of 38.39%.

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备注/Memo

备注/Memo:

收稿日期:2024-02-09; 修回日期:2024-03-21
基金项目:国家自然科学基金项目(42341102,42102288); 陕西林业科技创新重点专项项目(SXLK2023-02-1); 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(300102263401)
*通信作者:钱 会(1963-),男,陕西咸阳人,教授,博士研究生导师,理学博士,E-mail:qianhui@chd.edu.cn。

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